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<meta charset=utf-8>
<title>OpenBSD 7.1</title>
<meta name="description" content="OpenBSD 7.1">
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="openbsd.css">
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<h2 id=OpenBSD>
<a href="index.html">
<i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
7.1
</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="images/xxx.png">
<img width="227" height="303" src="images/xxx-s.png" alt="xxx"></a>
<td>
Released May ?, 2022. (52nd OpenBSD release)<br>
Copyright 1997-2022, Theo de Raadt.<br>
<br>
Artwork by Luc Houweling.
<br>
<ul>
<li>See the information on <a href="ftp.html">the FTP page</a> for
a list of mirror machines.
<li>Go to the <code class=reldir>pub/OpenBSD/7.1/</code> directory on
one of the mirror sites.
<li>Have a look at <a href="errata71.html">the 7.1 errata page</a> for a list
of bugs and workarounds.
<li>See a <a href="plus71.html">detailed log of changes</a> between the
7.0 and 7.1 releases.
<p>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a>
pubkeys for this release:<p>
<table class=signify>
<tr><td>
openbsd-71-base.pub:
<td>
<a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/openbsd-71-base.pub">
RWR2eHwZTOEiTWog354iy3StRj18VbZl87O9uZpa1M2jGLXEkco6vDT5</a>
<tr><td>
openbsd-71-fw.pub:
<td>
RWQCAJ4gBK3pbcm/Q5XYxu+hIY3Zvx9kwGv2uJphEN7kNl1DD4QRue6v
<tr><td>
openbsd-71-pkg.pub:
<td>
RWQgLTtHQtisyH9qc9imxVFsf+P24M75F1aNio5qJCfG/bO6gATAzC9V
<tr><td>
openbsd-71-syspatch.pub:
<td>
RWTVqN+z9ta+Z6Ri7W7Vlf+XgXE30rGXld8kO78L1GmE61U5Xvbr/zHM
</table>
</ul>
<p>
All applicable copyrights and credits are in the src.tar.gz,
sys.tar.gz, xenocara.tar.gz, ports.tar.gz files, or in the
files fetched via <code>ports.tar.gz</code>.
</table>
<hr>
<section id=new>
<h3>What's New</h3>
<p>
This is a partial list of new features and systems included in OpenBSD 7.1.
For a comprehensive list, see the <a href="plus71.html">changelog</a> leading
to 7.1.
<ul>
<li>New/extended platforms:
<ul>
<li>The <a href="arm64.html">arm64</a> platform support was improved with the following changes:
<ul>
<li>Support for Apple Silicon Macs has improved and is ready for general use:
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Changes on other architectures:
<ul>
<li>Enabled enforcing of RLIMIT_MEMLOCK on powerpc64.
</ul>
</ul>
<li>Various kernel improvements:
<ul>
<li>Fixed memory leak in <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/fuse.4">fuse(4)</a> when calling <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/namei.9">namei(9)</a>.
<li>Made redistributable firmwares available across all architectures.
<li>Fixed establishing legacy INTx interrupts on machines without a (usable) MSI interrupt controller.
<li>Cleaned up irrelevant uses of 3rd mode_t parameter for <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/open.2">open(2)</a>/<a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/openat.2">openat(2)</a>, unused when not
creating files.
</ul>
<li>SMP Improvements
<ul>
<li>Made pipe event filters MP-safe.
<li>Set klist lock for sockets to make socket event filters MP-safe.
<li>Implemented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/poll.2">poll(2)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/select.2">select(2)</a>, <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/ppoll.2">ppoll(2)</a> and <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/pselect.2">pselect(2)</a> on top of
kqueue.
<li>Unlocked top part of UVM fault hander on mips64. <!--- XXX move? --->
</ul>
<li>Direct Rendering Manager
<ul>
<li>Updated <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/drm.4">drm(4)</a>
to Linux 5.15.26
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/inteldrm.4">inteldrm(4)</a>:
support for Elkhart Lake, Jasper Lake, Rocket Lake
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/drm.4">amdgpu(4)</a>:
support for Van Gogh APU, Rembrandt "Yellow Carp" Ryzen 6000 APU,
Navi 22 "Navy Flounder", Navi 23 "Dimgrey Cavefish",
Navi 24 "Beige Goby"
</ul>
<li>VMM/VMD improvements
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Various new userland features:
<ul>
<li>Added <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/realpath.1">realpath(1)</a>, a wrapper
for <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/realpath.3">realpath(3)</a> for
use in ports.
<li>Removed an unused decoding of c/h/s from the MBR read from disk
by <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a>.
<li>Removed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a>
"disk" editing command.
<li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rcctl.8">rcctl(8)</a> "ls
rogue" to show daemons which are running but not set as "enabled" in
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.conf.local.8">rc.conf.local(8)</a>.
<li>Provided common <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/btrace.8">btrace(8)</a> scripts
kprofile.bt (to save kernel stackframes and produce flamegraphs) and
runqlat.bt (to measure the latency of the scheduler runqueues).
</ul>
<li>Various bugfixes and tweaks in userland:
<ul>
<li>Removed the constraint that <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/fdisk.8">fdisk(8)</a> -b specified block
count or block size must be greater than 63.
<li>Stopped <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a> from
communicating warnings starting with "XXX" which appeared to indicate
errors.
<li>Merged bugfixes from upstream into <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/less.1">less(1)</a> including fixes for
the prompt hiding feature (CTRL-P) and an integer overflow.
<li>Fixed file descriptor leak of /dev/tty on <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/doas.1">doas(1)</a> auth failure.
<li>Replaced <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/lrint.3">lrint(3)</a>,
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/lrintf.3">lrintf(3)</a>, <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/llrint.3">llrint(3)</a> and <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/llrintf.3">llrintf(3)</a>
implementations from NetBSD with the existing FreeBSD implementations
we were already using for <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/lrintl.3">lrintl(3)</a> and <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/llrintl.3">llrintl(3)</a>.
<li>Renamed Pacific/Enderbury timezone to Pacific/Kanton.
<li>Called <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a>
later to prevent it from killing various games using ncurses when both
stdout and stderr are redirected to a non-tty.
</ul>
<li>Improved hardware support and driver bugfixes, including:
<ul>
<li>Introduced <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/gpiocharger.4">gpiocharger(4)</a>, a
driver providing support for battery chargers connected to GPIO pins,
such as those found on the Pinebook Pro.
<li>Introduced <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/gpioleds.4">gpioleds(4)</a> for arm64, a
driver providing support for LEDs connected to GPIO pins, such as
those found on the Pinebook Pro.
<li>Added support to <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/pchgpio.4">pchgpio(4)</a> for Cannon
Lake H and Tiger Lake H platforms.
<li>Ensured use of the correct encoding in xenocara when /etc/kbdtype
is present with an attached <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/ucc.4">ucc(4)</a> keyboard.
<li>Fixed an interrupt storm on <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwge.4">dwge(4)</a> variants which
support Energy Efficient Ethernet when connected to a switch which
does so as well.
<li>Added support for tpm2 CRB interface to <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/tpm.4">tpm(4)</a>, fixing recent S4
regressions on the Surface Go 2 caused by a firmware change.
` <li>Ensured armv7 and arm64 efiboot allocate fresh memory for the
device tree with at least one page of free space to extend into. This
fixes booting on VMWare Fusion.
</ul>
<li>New or improved network hardware support:
<ul>
<li>Added support to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/umb.4">umb(4)</a> for SIMCom SIM7600.
<li>Fixed an interrupt storm on <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/dwge.4">dwge(4)</a> variants which
support Energy Efficient Ethernet when connected to a switch which
does so as well.
</ul>
<li>Added or improved wireless network drivers:
<ul>
<li>Reset the Tx timer upon validation of a BA notification sent by
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> and <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> firmware.
<li>Prevented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> and
<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> attempts to
transition toward the same state where this would result in a
redundant or illegal state transition and a potential hang.
<li>Fixed a panic when <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> cannot find firmware
at boot time.
<li>Added relicensed wireless firmwares from Realtek for <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/rsu.4">rsu(4)</a>, <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/rtwn.4">rtwn(4)</a> and <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/urtwn.4">urtwn(4)</a> devices, allowing
these devices to work without requiring a separate firmware download.
<li>Added a workaround for buggy <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a> devices to prevent
filling up the node cache when used in hostap mode.
<li>Applied a workaround in <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/mvkpcie.4">mvkpcie(4)</a> to fix an
external abort under load with <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/athn.4">athn(4)</a>.
<li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a>
performance drop after roaming between APs in 11n mode.
<li>Ensured <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> uses
only the HT (high throughput) frame format for data frames.
<li>Allowed AUTH->AUTH state transitions in the <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> and <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> drivers again, needed
if the access point uses band-steering.
<li>Added support for 802.11n 40MHz channels to the <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> driver.
<li>Reverted to use <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> firmware v17 on Intel
AC 7265, fixing instability issues on X1 Carbon gen3.
<li>Cached the old BSSID when roaming with <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a>.
<li>Explicitly stopped <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> Rx block ack when
roaming between access points.
<li>Added initial 40MHz support to the <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> driver.
</ul>
<li>IEEE 802.11 wireless stack improvements and bugfixes:
<ul>
<li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwx.4">iwx(4)</a> Tx aggregation support.
<li>Added an ADDBA_OFFLOAD capability for wifi devices to manage Tx block ack sessions entirely in firmware.
<li>Cached the old BSSID when roaming with <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iwm.4">iwm(4)</a> so firmware commands can continue using it while roaming to a new AP.
<li>Added support for 40MHz channels to net80211 RA.
<li>Added monitoring of 20/40MHz channel width changes in beacons sent by our access point, notifying drivers when the channel width has changed.
</ul>
<li>Generic network stack improvements and bugfixes:
<ul>
<li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a> $nr incorrect macro expansion.
</ul>
<li>Installer and upgrade improvements:
<ul>
<li>Corrected installer to use "inet autoconf" properly for <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/hostname.if.5">hostname.if(5)</a> files.
<li>Stopped prompting whether to fall back to HTTP in the installer, making the fallback automatic.
<li>Used <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifconfig.8">ifconfig(8)</a>
"join" command by default in <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/hostname.if.5">hostname.if(5)</a> files,
replacing the old "nwid".
</ul>
<li>Security improvements:
<ul>
<li>Cleared length of keys in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vnconfig.8">vnconfig(8)</a> alongside keys themselves.
<li>Removed hifn(4), safe(4) and ubsec(4) crypto drivers.
<li>Fixed double free after allocation failure in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bpf.4">bpf(4)</a>.
<li>Added call to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a> to restrict <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/stty.1">stty(1)</a> -f filesystem access.
<li>Fixed a panic by prohibiting renames of tmpfs mount-points.
<li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vi.1">vi(1)</a> use after free with unsaved buffer. <!-- XXX move? -->
</ul>
<li>Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
<ul>
<li>Modified <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/syslog.conf.5">syslog.conf(5)</a> examples to use TLS rather than the plaintext protocols.
<li>Stopped ignoring <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/carp.4">carp(4)</a> interfaces in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpleased.8">dhcpleased(8)</a>.
<li>Fixed <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> to respond with 400 Bad Request when a client sends header lines without a colon.
<li>Added protocol version checking to <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>.
<li>Implemented <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rsync.1">rsync(1)</a> --compare-dest, allowing specification of additional directories to check for files to be available.
<li>Ensured enabled resolvers are honored by <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unwind.8">unwind(8)</a> to keep unused forwarders disabled properly.
<li>Annotated an <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> 413 error with "request body too large" in the error log.
<li>Stopped duplicating "Connection: close" headers in <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>, only adding it if it's not a websocket response.
<li>In <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>, stopped sending content alongside responses to HEAD requests.
<li>Switched <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/nsd.8">nsd(8)</a> to enable default DNS cookies on, matching behavior as released in OpenBSD 7.0.
<li>Added <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a> custom error page facility.
</ul>
<li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux">tmux(1)</a> improvements and bug fixes:
<ul>
<li>Fixed a crash in <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> when a session with
multiple clients is destroyed but tmux does not close completely due
to other sessions.
<li>Fixed a <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>
redraw problem on automargin terminals.
<li>Fixed a problem with repeat in <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> copy mode.
<li>Added -T to set a popup title in <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>.
<li>Added -s and -S to <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> display-popup to set
popup and border style.
<li>Fixed application-set fg and bg in <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> panes.
<li>Added a way to force a color to RGB in <a
href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a> and a format to
display it.
</ul>
<li>OpenSMTPD version <!--- XXX --->
<ul>
</ul>
<li>LibreSSL version <!--- XXX --->
<ul>
<li>New Features
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Portable Improvements
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>API and Documentation Enhancements
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Compatibility Changes
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Testing and Proactive Security
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Internal Improvements
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
</ul>
<li>OpenSSH version <!--- XXX --->
<ul>
<li>Security
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Potentially incompatible changes
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>New features
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Bugfixes
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
</ul>
<li>mandoc version <!--- XXX --->
<ul>
<li>...
</ul>
<li>Ports and packages:
<p>Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
<!-- number of FTP packages minus SHA256, SHA256.sig, index.txt -->
<ul style="column-count: 3">
<li>aarch64: XXXX
<li>amd64: XXXX
<li>arm: XXXX
<li>i386: XXXX
<li>mips64: XXXX
<li>powerpc: XXXX
<li>powerpc64: XXXX
<li>riscv64: XXXX
<li>sparc64: XXXX
</ul>
<p>Some highlights:
<ul style="column-count: 3">
<li>Asterisk 19.3.1
<li>Audacity 2.4.2
<li>CMake 3.20.3
<li>Chromium 100.0.4896.75
<li>Emacs 27.2
<li>FFmpeg 4.4.1
<li>GCC 8.4.0 and 11.2.0
<li>GHC 8.10.6
<li>GNOME 41.5
<li>Go 1.17.7
<li>JDK 8u322, 11.0.14 and 17.0.2
<li>KDE Applications 21.12.2
<li>KDE Frameworks 5.91.0
<li>Krita 5.0.2
<li>LLVM/Clang 13.0.0
<li>LibreOffice 7.3.2.2
<li>Lua 5.1.5, 5.2.4 and 5.3.6
<li>MariaDB 10.6.7
<li>Mono 6.12.0.122
<li>Mozilla Firefox 99.0 and ESR 91.8.0
<li>Mozilla Thunderbird 91.8.0
<li>Mutt 2.2.2 and NeoMutt 20211029
<li>Node.js 16.14.2
<li>OCaml 4.12.1
<li>OpenLDAP 2.4.59
<li>PHP 7.4.28, 8.0.17 and 8.1.4
<li>Postfix 3.5.14
<li>PostgreSQL 14.2
<li>Python 2.7.18, 3.8.13, 3.9.12 and 3.10.4
<li>Qt 5.15.2 and 6.0.4
<li>R 4.1.2
<li>Ruby 2.7.5, 3.0.3 and 3.1.1
<li>Rust 1.59.0
<li>SQLite 2.8.17 and 3.38.2
<li>Shotcut 21.10.31
<li>Sudo 1.9.10
<li>Suricata 6.0.4
<li>Tcl/Tk 8.5.19 and 8.6.8
<li>TeX Live 2021
<li>Vim 8.2.4600 and Neovim 0.6.1
<li>Xfce 4.16
</ul>
<p>
<li>As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
<li>The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
<ul>
<li>Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.7 with xserver 1.21.1.3 + patches,
freetype 2.11.0, fontconfig 2.12.94, Mesa 21.3.7, xterm 369,
xkeyboard-config 2.20, fonttosfnt 1.2.2 and more)
<li>LLVM/Clang 13.0.0 (+ patches)
<li>GCC 4.2.1 (+ patches) and 3.3.6 (+ patches)
<li>Perl 5.32.1 (+ patches)
<li>NSD 4.4.0
<li>Unbound 1.15.0
<li>Ncurses 5.7
<li>Binutils 2.17 (+ patches)
<li>Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
<li>Awk December 8, 2021 version
<li>Expat 2.4.7
</ul>
</ul>
</section>
<hr>
<section id=install>
<h3>How to install</h3>
<p>
Please refer to the following files on the mirror site for
extensive details on how to install OpenBSD 7.1 on your machine:
<ul>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/alpha/INSTALL.alpha">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/alpha/INSTALL.alpha</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/amd64/INSTALL.amd64">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/amd64/INSTALL.amd64</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/arm64/INSTALL.arm64">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/arm64/INSTALL.arm64</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/armv7/INSTALL.armv7">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/armv7/INSTALL.armv7</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/hppa/INSTALL.hppa">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/hppa/INSTALL.hppa</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/i386/INSTALL.i386">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/i386/INSTALL.i386</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/landisk/INSTALL.landisk">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/landisk/INSTALL.landisk</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/luna88k/INSTALL.luna88k</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/macppc/INSTALL.macppc">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/macppc/INSTALL.macppc</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/octeon/INSTALL.octeon">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/octeon/INSTALL.octeon</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/powerpc64/INSTALL.powerpc64">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/powerpc64/INSTALL.powerpc64</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/riscv64/INSTALL.riscv64">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/riscv64/INSTALL.riscv64</a>
<li><a href="https://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/7.1/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64">
.../OpenBSD/7.1/sparc64/INSTALL.sparc64</a>
</ul>
</section>
<hr>
<section id=quickinstall>
<p>
Quick installer information for people familiar with OpenBSD, and the use of
the "<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/disklabel.8">disklabel</a> -E" command.
If you are at all confused when installing OpenBSD, read the relevant
INSTALL.* file as listed above!
<h3>OpenBSD/alpha:</h3>
<p>
If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install71.iso</i> or
<i>cd71.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
Refer to INSTALL.alpha for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/amd64:</h3>
<p>
If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install71.iso</i> or
<i>cd71.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
<p>
If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install71.img</i> or
<i>miniroot71.img</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
<p>
If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in the included
INSTALL.amd64 document.
<p>
If you are planning to dual boot OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.amd64.
<h3>OpenBSD/arm64:</h3>
<p>
Write <i>install71.img</i> or <i>miniroot71.img</i> to a disk and boot from it
after connecting to the serial console. Refer to INSTALL.arm64 for more
details.
<h3>OpenBSD/armv7:</h3>
<p>
Write a system specific miniroot to an SD card and boot from it after connecting
to the serial console. Refer to INSTALL.armv7 for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/hppa:</h3>
<p>
Boot over the network by following the instructions in INSTALL.hppa or the
<a href="hppa.html#install">hppa platform page</a>.
<h3>OpenBSD/i386:</h3>
<p>
If your machine can boot from CD, you can write <i>install71.iso</i> or
<i>cd71.iso</i> to a CD and boot from it.
You may need to adjust your BIOS options first.
<p>
If your machine can boot from USB, you can write <i>install71.img</i> or
<i>miniroot71.img</i> to a USB stick and boot from it.
<p>
If you can't boot from a CD, floppy disk, or USB,
you can install across the network using PXE as described in
the included INSTALL.i386 document.
<p>
If you are planning on dual booting OpenBSD with another OS, you will need to
read INSTALL.i386.
<h3>OpenBSD/landisk:</h3>
<p>
Write <i>miniroot71.img</i> to the start of the CF
or disk, and boot normally.
<h3>OpenBSD/luna88k:</h3>
<p>
Copy 'boot' and 'bsd.rd' to a Mach or UniOS partition, and boot the bootloader
from the PROM, and then bsd.rd from the bootloader.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.luna88k for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/macppc:</h3>
<p>
Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, and power on your machine
while holding down the <i>C</i> key until the display turns on and
shows <i>OpenBSD/macppc boot</i>.
<p>
Alternatively, at the Open Firmware prompt, enter <i>boot cd:,ofwboot
/7.1/macppc/bsd.rd</i>
<h3>OpenBSD/octeon:</h3>
<p>
After connecting a serial port, boot bsd.rd over the network via DHCP/tftp.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.octeon for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/powerpc64:</h3>
<p>
To install, write <i>install71.img</i> or <i>miniroot71.img</i> to a
USB stick, plug it into the machine and choose the <i>OpenBSD
install</i> menu item in Petitboot.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.powerpc64 for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/riscv64:</h3>
<p>
To install, write <i>install71.img</i> or <i>miniroot71.img</i> to a
USB stick, and boot with that drive plugged in.
Make sure you also have the microSD card plugged in that shipped with the
HiFive Unmatched board.
Refer to the instructions in INSTALL.riscv64 for more details.
<h3>OpenBSD/sparc64:</h3>
<p>
Burn the image from a mirror site to a CDROM, boot from it, and type
<i>boot cdrom</i>.
<p>
If this doesn't work, or if you don't have a CDROM drive, you can write
<i>floppy71.img</i> or <i>floppyB71.img</i>
(depending on your machine) to a floppy and boot it with <i>boot
floppy</i>. Refer to INSTALL.sparc64 for details.
<p>
Make sure you use a properly formatted floppy with NO BAD BLOCKS or your install
will most likely fail.
<p>
You can also write <i>miniroot71.img</i> to the swap partition on
the disk and boot with <i>boot disk:b</i>.
<p>
If nothing works, you can boot over the network as described in INSTALL.sparc64.
</section>
<hr>
<section id=upgrade>
<h3>How to upgrade</h3>
<p>
If you already have an OpenBSD 7.0 system, and do not want to reinstall,
upgrade instructions and advice can be found in the
<a href="faq/upgrade71.html">Upgrade Guide</a>.
</section>
<hr>
<section id=sourcecode>
<h3>Notes about the source code</h3>
<p>
<code>src.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src</code>.
This file contains everything you need except for the kernel sources,
which are in a separate archive.
To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/src.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
<code>sys.tar.gz</code> contains a source archive starting at <code>/usr/src/sys</code>.
This file contains all the kernel sources you need to rebuild kernels.
To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>mkdir -p /usr/src/sys</kbd>
# <kbd>cd /usr/src</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/sys.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
Both of these trees are a regular CVS checkout. Using these trees it
is possible to get a head-start on using the anoncvs servers as
described <a href="anoncvs.html">here</a>.
Using these files
results in a much faster initial CVS update than you could expect from
a fresh checkout of the full OpenBSD source tree.
</section>
<hr>
<section id=ports>
<h3>Ports Tree</h3>
<p>
A ports tree archive is also provided. To extract:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr</kbd>
# <kbd>tar xvfz /tmp/ports.tar.gz</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
Go read the <a href="faq/ports/index.html">ports</a> page
if you know nothing about ports
at this point. This text is not a manual of how to use ports.
Rather, it is a set of notes meant to kickstart the user on the
OpenBSD ports system.
<p>
The <i>ports/</i> directory represents a CVS checkout of our ports.
As with our complete source tree, our ports tree is available via
<a href="anoncvs.html">AnonCVS</a>.
So, in order to keep up to date with the -stable branch, you must make
the <i>ports/</i> tree available on a read-write medium and update the tree
with a command like:
<blockquote><pre>
# <kbd>cd /usr/ports</kbd>
# <kbd>cvs -d anoncvs@server.openbsd.org:/cvs update -Pd -rOPENBSD_7_1</kbd>
</pre></blockquote>
<p>
[Of course, you must replace the server name here with a nearby anoncvs
server.]
<p>
Note that most ports are available as packages on our mirrors. Updated
ports for the 7.1 release will be made available if problems arise.
<p>
If you're interested in seeing a port added, would like to help out, or just
would like to know more, the mailing list
<a href="mail.html">ports@openbsd.org</a> is a good place to know.
</section>
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