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<title>OpenBSD: Innovations</title>

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as a replacement for the non-free ipf by Darren Reed.

Imported June 24, 2001 and first released with OpenBSD 3.0.

Now maintained by Henning Brauer.

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man4/systrace.4">systrace(4)</a>,

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.9/systrace.4">systrace(4)</a>,

<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/systrace.1">systrace(1)</a>:

<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.9/systrace.1">systrace(1)</a>:

Started by Niels Provos.

Imported June 4, 2002 and first released with OpenBSD 3.2.

Deleted after OpenBSD 5.9 because

<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a> is even better.

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/spamd.8">spamd(8)</a>:

Written by Bob Beck. Imported December 21, 2002 and first released with OpenBSD 3.3.

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/dc.1">dc(1)</a>:

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<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/radiusd.8">radiusd(8)</a>:

Written and maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.

Imported July 21, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/eigrpd.8">eigrpd(8)</a>,

<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/eigrpctl.8">eigrpctl(8)</a>:

Written and maintained by Renato Westphal.

Imported October 2, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/rebound.8">rebound(8)</a>:

Written and maintained by Ted Unangst.

Imported October 15, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.

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<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man8/vmctl.8">vmctl(8)</a>:

Written and maintained by Mike Larkin and Reyk Floeter.

Imported November 13, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/pdisk.8">pdisk(8)</a>:

Originally written by Eryk Vershen in 1996-1998,

rewritten and maintained by Kenneth Westerback since January 11, 2016

and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/mknod.8">mknod(8)</a>:

Original version from Version 6 AT&T UNIX (1975),

last rewritten by Marc Espie on March 5, 2016

and first released with OpenBSD 6.0.

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/audioctl.1">audioctl(1)</a>:

Originally written by Lennart Augustsson in 1997,

rewritten and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov since June 21, 2016

and first released with OpenBSD 6.0.

<li><a href="http://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/usr.sbin/switchd/">switchd(8)</a>,

<a href="http://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/usr.sbin/switchctl/">switchctl(8)</a>:

Written and maintained by Reyk Floeter.

Imported July 19, 2016; to be released with OpenBSD 6.1.

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<h3>Concepts</h3>

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by Miod Vallat and Theo de Raadt. OpenBSD 3.3 was the first operating

system to enable it systemwide by default.

<li>W^X: First used for sparc, sparc64, alpha, and hppa in OpenBSD 3.3.

Today, most architectures implement it.

Strictly enforced by default since OpenBSD 6.0: a program can only

violate it if the executable is marked with <tt>PT_OPENBSD_WXNEEDED</tt>

and it is located on a filesystem mounted with the <tt>wxallowed</tt>

<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/mount.8">mount(8)</a> option.

<li>ASLR: OpenBSD 3.4 was the first widely used operating system to

provide it by default.

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man1/gcc-local.1">gcc-local(1)</a>

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it globally by default, on seven hardware platforms.

<li>Static-PIE: Position-independent static binaries for /bin, /sbin and ramdisks.

First released with OpenBSD 5.7.

<li>SROP (<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/sigreturn.2">sigreturn(2)</a>

oriented programming) mitigation: Researched by

<a href="http://www.cs.vu.nl/~herbertb/papers/srop_sp14.pdf">Eric Bosman</a>

and Herbert Bos in 2014, implemented by Theo de Raadt in May 2016,

enabled by default since OpenBSD 6.0.

<li>C library order randomization:

In <a href="http://man.openbsd.org/rc.8">rc(8)</a>, re-link

<tt>libc.so</tt> on startup, placing the objects in a random order.

Theo de Raadt and Robert Peichaer, May 2016,

enabled by default since OpenBSD 6.0.

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<h3>Functions</h3>

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Matthew Dempsky, July 13, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-current/man2/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a>:

Theo de Raadt, July 19, 2015, OpenBSD 5.9

<li><a href="http://man.openbsd.org/getpwnam_shadow.3">getpwnam_shadow(3)</a>,

<a href="http://man.openbsd.org/getpwuid_shadow.3">getpwuid_shadow(3)</a>:

Ted Unangst and Theo de Raadt, November 18, 2015, OpenBSD 5.9

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<h3>Projects maintained by OpenBSD developers outside OpenBSD</h3>