Annotation of www/innovations.html, Revision 1.72
1.1 schwarze 1: <!DOCTYPE html>
1.34 schwarze 2: <html lang="en">
1.1 schwarze 3: <head>
4: <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
1.33 tj 5: <title>OpenBSD: Innovations</title>
1.31 deraadt 6: <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
7: <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="openbsd.css">
1.35 tb 8: <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.openbsd.org/innovations.html">
1.1 schwarze 9: </head>
10:
1.31 deraadt 11: <body bgcolor= "#ffffff" text= "#000000">
12:
13: <h2>
1.59 job 14: <a href="index.html">
15: <i><font color="#0000ff">Open</font></i><font color="#000084">BSD</font></a>
16: <font color="#e00000">Innovations</font>
1.32 tj 17: </h2>
1.31 deraadt 18: <hr>
1.32 tj 19: <p>
1.59 job 20: This is a list of software and ideas developed or maintained by the OpenBSD
21: project, sorted in order of approximate introduction. Some of them are
22: explained in detail in our <a href="events.html">research papers</a>.
23: </p>
1.32 tj 24: <hr>
1.1 schwarze 25:
1.59 job 26: <h3>Concepts</h3>
1.1 schwarze 27:
28: <ul>
1.59 job 29: <li>
30: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ipsec.4">ipsec(4)</a>:
31: Started by John Ioannidis, Angelos D. Keromytis, Niels Provos, and
32: Niklas Hallqvist, imported February 20, 1997. OpenBSD was the first
33: free operating system to provide an IPSec stack.
34: </li>
35: <li>
36: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/inet6.4">inet6(4)</a>:
37: First complete integration and adoption of IPv6 led by
38: "Itojun" (Dr. Junichiro Hagino) [WIDE/KAME], Craig Metz [NRL], and
39: Angelos D. Keromytis starting Jan 6, 1999.
40: Almost fully operational Jun 6, 1999 during the
41: <a href="hackathons.html">first OpenBSD hackathon</a>.
42: OpenBSD 2.7.
43: </li>
44: <li>
45: <strong>Privilege separation</strong>:
46: First implemented by
47: <a href="http://www.citi.umich.edu/u/provos/ssh/privsep.html">Niels Provos</a>
48: and Markus Friedl in OpenSSH in March 2002, released with OpenBSD 3.2.
49: The concept is now used in many OpenBSD programs, for example
50: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>,
51: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>,
52: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a>,
53: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dvmrpd.8">dvmrpd(8)</a>,
54: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/eigrpd.8">eigrpd(8)</a>,
55: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/file.1">file(1)</a>,
56: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>,
57: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>,
58: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapd.8">ldapd(8)</a>,
59: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldpd.8">ldpd(8)</a>,
60: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mountd.8">mountd(8)</a>,
61: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppd.8">npppd(8)</a>,
62: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpd.8">ntpd(8)</a>,
63: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a>,
64: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a>,
65: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pflogd.8">pflogd(8)</a>,
66: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radiusd.8">radiusd(8)</a>,
1.67 schwarze 67: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>,
1.59 job 68: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ripd.8">ripd(8)</a>,
69: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/script.1">script(1)</a>,
70: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>,
71: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>,
72: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpdump.8">tcpdump(8)</a>,
73: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>,
74: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/xconsole.1">xconsole(1)</a>,
75: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/xdm.1">xdm(1)</a>,
76: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/Xserver.1">Xserver(1)</a>,
77: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypldap.8">ypldap(8)</a>,
78: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a>,
79: etc.
80: </li>
81: <li>
82: <strong>Privilege revocation</strong>:
83: Related to the work on privilege separation, some programs were refactored
84: to drop privileges while holding onto a tricky resource such as a raw socket,
85: reserved port, or modification-locked bpf(4) descriptor,
86: for example
87: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a>,
88: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/traceroute.8">traceroute(8)</a>,
89: etc.
90: </li>
91: <li>
92: <strong>Stack protector</strong>:
93: Developed since 2001 as "propolice" by Hiroaki Etoh. Integrated, and
94: implemented for additional hardware platforms, by Miod Vallat and Theo
95: de Raadt. OpenBSD 3.3 was the first operating system to enable it
96: systemwide by default.
97: </li>
98: <li>
99: <strong>W^X</strong>:
100: First used for sparc, sparc64, alpha, and hppa in OpenBSD 3.3.
101: Strictly enforced by default since OpenBSD 6.0: a program can only
102: violate it if the executable is marked with <code>PT_OPENBSD_WXNEEDED</code>
103: and it is located on a filesystem mounted with the <code>wxallowed</code>
104: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mount.8">mount(8)</a> option.
105: </li>
106: <li>
107: <strong>GOT and PLT protection</strong> by ld.so:
108: first done as part of the W^X work in OpenBSD 3.3, by Dale Rahn and
109: Theo de Raadt. The GOT and PLT regions are read-only outside of ld.so
110: itself. Extended to the .init/.fini sections (constructors and
111: destructors) in OpenBSD 3.4.
112: </li>
113: <li>
114: <strong>ASLR</strong>:
115: OpenBSD 3.4 was the first widely used operating system to
116: provide it by default.
117: </li>
118: <li>
119: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gcc-local.1">gcc-local(1)</a>
120: __attribute__((__bounded__)) static analysis annotation
121: and checking mechanism:
122: Started by Anil Madhavapeddy on June 26, 2003
123: and ported to GCC 4 by Nicholas Marriott.
124: First released with OpenBSD 3.4.
125: </li>
126: <li>
127: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/malloc.3">malloc(3)</a>
128: randomization implemented by Thierry Deval. Guard pages and randomized (delayed) free added by Ted Unangst.
129: Reimplemented by <a href="papers/eurobsdcon2009/otto-malloc.pdf">Otto Moerbeek</a>
130: for OpenBSD 4.4.
131: </li>
132: <li>
1.65 kurt 133: <strong>Position-independent executables (PIE)</strong>:
1.59 job 134: OpenBSD 5.3 was the first widely used operating system to enable it
135: globally by default, on seven hardware platforms.
1.65 kurt 136: Implemented in November 2008 by
137: <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/papers/nycbsdcon08-pie/">Kurt Miller</a>
138: and enabled by default by
139: <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/papers/asiabsdcon2015-pie-slides.pdf">Pascal Stumpf</a>
140: in August 2012.
1.59 job 141: </li>
142: <li>
143: <strong>Random-data memory</strong>:
1.68 deraadt 144: the ability to specify that a variable should be initialized
145: at load time with random byte values (placed into a new ELF
146: <b>.openbsd.randomdata</b> section) was implemented in
147: OpenBSD 5.3 by Matthew Dempsky.
1.59 job 148: </li>
149: <li>
150: <strong>Stack protector per shared object</strong>:
151: using the random-data memory feature, each shared object was given its
152: own stack protector cookie in OpenBSD 5.3 by Matthew Dempsky.
153: </li>
154: <li>
155: <strong>Static-PIE</strong>:
156: Position-independent static binaries for /bin, /sbin and ramdisks.
1.65 kurt 157: Implemented for OpenBSD 5.7 by Kurt Miller and Mark Kettenis.
1.59 job 158: </li>
159: <li>
160: <strong>SROP</strong>
161: (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sigreturn.2">sigreturn(2)</a>
1.71 deraadt 162: oriented programming) mitigation: attacks researched by
1.59 job 163: <a href="http://www.cs.vu.nl/~herbertb/papers/srop_sp14.pdf">Eric Bosman</a>
1.71 deraadt 164: and Herbert Bos in 2014, solution implemented by Theo de Raadt in May 2016,
1.59 job 165: enabled by default since OpenBSD 6.0.
166: </li>
167: <li>
168: <strong>Library order randomization</strong>:
169: In <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.8">rc(8)</a>, re-link
170: <code>libc.so</code>, <code>libcrypto</code>, and <code>ld.so</code>
171: on startup, placing the objects in a random order.
172: Theo de Raadt and Robert Peichaer, May 2016,
173: enabled by default since OpenBSD 6.0 and 6.2.
174: </li>
175: <li>
176: Kernel-assisted lazy-binding for W^X safety in multi-threaded programs.
177: A new syscall <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/kbind.2">kbind(2)</a>
178: permits lazy-binding to be W^X safe in multi-threaded programs.
179: Implemented for OpenBSD 5.9 by Philip Guenther in July 2015.
180: </li>
181: <li>
182: Process layouts in memory tightened to remove execute permission from
183: all segmented, non-instruction data and to remove write permission from
184: data that is only modified during loading and relocation.
185: By combining the RELRO (Read-Only after Relocation) design from the
186: GNU project with the original ASLR work from OpenBSD 3.3 and
187: strict lazy-binding work from OpenBSD 5.9, this is applied to not
188: just a subset of programs and libraries but rather to all programs
189: and libraries.
190: Implemented for OpenBSD 6.1 by Philip Guenther in August 2016.
191: </li>
192: <li>
193: Use of <strong>fork+exec in privilege separated programs</strong>. The
194: strategy is to give each process a fresh & unique address space for
195: ASLR, stack protector -- as protection against address space discovery attacks.
196: Implemented first by
197: Damien Miller (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a> 2004),
198: Claudio Jeker (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>, 2015),
199: Eric Faurot (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>, 2016),
200: Rafael Zalamena (various, 2016), and others.
201: </li>
202: <li>
203: <strong>trapsleds</strong>:
204: Reduction of incidental NOP instructions/sequences in the instruction
205: stream which could be useful potentially for ROP attack methods to
206: innaccurately target gadgets. These NOP sequences are converted into
207: trap sequences where possible. Todd Mortimer and Theo de Raadt, June
208: 2017.
209: </li>
210: <li>
211: <strong>Kernel relinking at boot</strong>:
212: the .o files of the kernel are relinked in random order from a
213: link-kit, before every reboot. This provides substantial interior
214: randomization in the kernel's text and data segments for layout and
215: relative branches/calls. Basically a unique address space for each
216: kernel boot, similar to the userland fork+exec model described above
217: but for the kernel. Theo de Raadt, June 2017.
218: </li>
1.61 deraadt 219: <li>
220: Rearranged i386/amd64 register allocator order in
221: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/clang.1">clang(1)</a>
222: to reduce polymorphic RET instructions:
223: Todd Mortimer, November 20, 2017.
224: </li>
1.64 deraadt 225: <li>
1.72 ! mortimer 226: Reencoding of i386/amd64 instruction sequences to avoid
! 227: embedded polymorphic RET instructions. Enhancements to
! 228: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/clang.1">clang(1)</a>
! 229: Todd Mortimer, April 28, 2018 and onwards.
! 230: </li>
! 231: <li>
1.66 schwarze 232: <b>MAP_STACK</b> addition to
1.64 deraadt 233: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mmap.2">mmap(2)</a>
234: allows opportunistic verification that the stack-register
235: points at stack memory, therefore catching pivots to non-stack
236: memory (sometimes used in ROP attacks).
237: Theo de Raadt, April 12, 2018.
238: </li>
1.68 deraadt 239: <li>
240: <b>RETGUARD</b> is a replacement for the <b>stack-protector</b>
1.70 deraadt 241: which uses a per-function random cookie (located in the read-only ELF
242: <b>.openbsd.randomdata</b> section) to consistency-check the
1.68 deraadt 243: return address on the stack. Implemented for AMD64 and ARM64
244: by Todd Mortimer in OpenBSD 6.4.
245: </li>
246:
1.17 mlarkin 247: </ul>
1.1 schwarze 248:
1.59 job 249: <h3>Functions</h3>
1.1 schwarze 250:
251: <ul>
1.59 job 252: <li>
1.62 tj 253: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/issetugid.2">issetugid(2)</a>:
254: Theo de Raadt, August 25, 1996, OpenBSD 2.0
255: </li>
1.63 schwarze 256: <li>
1.59 job 257: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/arc4random.3">arc4random(3)</a>:
258: David Mazieres, December 28, 1996, OpenBSD 2.1
259: </li>
260: <li>
261: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bcrypt.3">bcrypt(3)</a>:
262: Implemented by <a href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/usenix99/provos/provos_html/node1.html">Niels Provos and David Mazieres</a>
263: Imported February 13, 1997 and first released with OpenBSD 2.1.
264: </li>
265: <li>
266: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/strlcpy.3">strlcpy(3)</a>,
267: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/strlcat.3">strlcat(3)</a>:
268: Todd Miller and Theo de Raadt, July 1, 1998, OpenBSD 2.4
269: </li>
270: <li>
271: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/strtonum.3">strtonum(3)</a>:
272: Ted Unangst, Todd Miller, and Theo de Raadt, May 3, 2004, OpenBSD 3.6
273: </li>
274: <li>
275: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/imsg_init.3">imsg</a>:
276: Message passing API, written by Henning Brauer.
277: In libutil since May 26, 2010, OpenBSD 4.8;
278: used by various daemons before that.
279: </li>
280: <li>
281: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/timingsafe_bcmp.3">timingsafe_bcmp(3)</a>:
282: Damien Miller, July 13, 2010, OpenBSD 4.9
283: </li>
284: <li>
285: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/explicit_bzero.3">explicit_bzero(3)</a>:
286: Ted Unangst and Matthew Dempsky, January 22, 2014, OpenBSD 5.5
287: </li>
288: <li>
289: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ohash_init.3">ohash</a>:
290: Written and maintained by Marc Espie.
291: In libutil since May 12, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6;
292: used by make(1) and m4(1) before that.
293: </li>
294: <li>
295: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/asr_run.3">asr</a>:
296: Replacement resolver written and maintained by Eric Faurot.
297: Imported April 14, 2012; activated on March 26, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6.
298: </li>
299: <li>
300: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/reallocarray.3">reallocarray(3)</a>:
301: Theo de Raadt and Ted Unangst, April 22, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
302: </li>
303: <li>
304: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getentropy.2">getentropy(2)</a>:
305: Matthew Dempsky and Theo de Raadt, June 13, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
306: </li>
307: <li>
308: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sendsyslog.2">sendsyslog(2)</a>:
309: Theo de Raadt, July 10, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
310: </li>
311: <li>
312: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/timingsafe_memcmp.3">timingsafe_memcmp(3)</a>:
313: Matthew Dempsky, July 13, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
314: </li>
315: <li>
316: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a>:
317: Theo de Raadt, July 19, 2015, OpenBSD 5.9
318: </li>
319: <li>
320: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getpwnam_shadow.3">getpwnam_shadow(3)</a>,
321: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getpwuid_shadow.3">getpwuid_shadow(3)</a>:
322: Ted Unangst and Theo de Raadt, November 18, 2015, OpenBSD 5.9
323: </li>
324: <li>
325: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/recallocarray.3">recallocarray(3)</a>:
326: Otto Moerbeek, Joel Sing and Theo de Raadt, March 6, 2017, OpenBSD 6.1
327: </li>
328: <li>
329: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/freezero.3">freezero(3)</a>:
330: Otto Moerbeek, April 10, 2017, OpenBSD 6.2
1.68 deraadt 331: </li>
332: <li>
333: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a>:
334: Theo de Raadt and Bob Beck, July 13, 2018, OpenBSD 6.4
1.60 deraadt 335: </li>
1.16 deraadt 336: </ul>
337:
1.59 job 338:
339: <h3>Programs and subsystems</h3>
1.16 deraadt 340:
341: <ul>
1.59 job 342: <li>
343: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypbind.8">ypbind(8)</a>,
344: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypset.8">ypset(8)</a>,
345: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypcat.1">ypcat(1)</a>,
346: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypmatch.1">ypmatch(1)</a>,
347: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypwhich.1">ypwhich(1)</a>,
348: and libc support: Started by Theo de Raadt.
349: Imported April 26, 1993 and first released with NetBSD 0.9.
350: </li>
351: <li>
352: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypserv.8">ypserv(8)</a>:
353: Started by Mats O. Jansson in 1994.
354: Imported October 23, 1995 and first released with OpenBSD 2.0.
355: </li>
356: <li>
357: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mopd.8">mopd(8)</a>:
358: Started by Mats O. Jansson in 1993.
359: Imported September 21, 1996 and first released with OpenBSD 2.0.
360: </li>
361: <li>
362: <a href="anoncvs.html">AnonCVS</a>:
363: Designed and implemented by Chuck Cranor and Theo de Raadt in 1995
364: (<a href="papers/anoncvs-paper.pdf">paper</a>,
365: <a href="papers/anoncvs-slides.pdf">slides</a>)
366: </li>
367: <li>
368: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aucat.1">aucat(1)</a>:
369: Started by Kenneth Stailey.
370: Imported January 2, 1997 and first released with OpenBSD 2.1.
371: Now maintained by Alexandre Ratchov.
372: </li>
373: <li>
374: <a href="https://www.openssh.com/">OpenSSH</a>
375: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
376: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1">scp(1)</a>,
377: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>,
378: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1">ssh-add(1)</a>,
379: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1">ssh-agent(1)</a>,
380: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>,
381: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>,
382: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
383: Started by Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Dug Song, Markus Friedl,
384: Niels Provos, and Theo de Raadt
385: as a fork of SSH 1.2.12 by Tatu Ylonen.
386: Imported September 26, 1999 and first released with OpenBSD 2.6.
387: Now maintained by Markus Friedl, Damien Miller, Darren Tucker, and
388: Theo de Raadt.
389: </li>
390: <li>
391: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mg.1">mg(1)</a>:
392: Started by Dave Conroy in November 1986.
393: Imported February 25, 2000 and first released with OpenBSD 2.7.
394: Now maintained by Mark Lumsden.
395: </li>
396: <li>
397: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/m4.1">m4(1)</a>:
398: Originally implemented by Ozan Yigit and Richard A. O'Keefe for 4.3BSD-Reno.
399: Considerably extended and maintained by Marc Espie since 1999.
400: </li>
401: <li>
402: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a>,
403: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a>,
404: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pflogd.8">pflogd(8)</a>,
405: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/authpf.8">authpf(8)</a>,
406: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ftp-proxy.8">ftp-proxy(8)</a>:
407: Started by Daniel Hartmeier as a replacement for the non-free ipf by
408: Darren Reed. Imported June 24, 2001 and first released with OpenBSD
409: 3.0. Now maintained by Henning Brauer.
410: </li>
411: <li>
412: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.9/systrace.4">systrace(4)</a>,
413: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.9/systrace.1">systrace(1)</a>:
414: Started by Niels Provos.
415: Imported June 4, 2002 and first released with OpenBSD 3.2.
416: Deleted after OpenBSD 5.9 because
417: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a> is even better.
418: </li>
419: <li>
420: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/spamd.8">spamd(8)</a>:
421: Written by Bob Beck. Imported December 21, 2002 and first released with
422: OpenBSD 3.3.
423: </li>
424: <li>
425: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dc.1">dc(1)</a>:
426: Written and maintained by Otto Moerbeek.
427: Imported September 19, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
428: </li>
429: <li>
430: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bc.1">bc(1)</a>:
431: Written and maintained by Otto Moerbeek.
432: Imported September 25, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
433: </li>
434: <li>
435: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sensorsd.8">sensorsd(8)</a>:
436: Started by Henning Brauer.
437: Imported September 24, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
438: Reworked by Constantine A. Murenin.
439: </li>
440: <li>
441: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a>:
442: Written and maintained by Marc Espie.
443: Imported October 16, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
444: </li>
445: <li>
446: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/carp.4">carp(4)</a>:
447: Written by Mickey Shalayeff, Markus Friedl, Marco Pfatschbacher,
448: and Ryan McBride.
449: Imported October 17, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
450: </li>
451: <li>
452: <a href="http://www.openbgpd.org/">OpenBGPD</a>
453: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>
454: and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpctl.8">bgpctl(8)</a>:
455: Written and maintained by Henning Brauer and Claudio Jeker,
456: and also maintained by Peter Hessler.
457: Imported December 17, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
458: </li>
459: <li>
460: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>:
461: Started by Ted Lemon and Elliot Poger in 1996.
462: Imported January 18, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
463: Reworked by Henning Brauer.
464: Now maintained by Kenneth Westerback.
465: </li>
466: <li>
467: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a>:
468: Started by Ted Lemon in 1995.
469: Imported April 13, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.6.
470: Reworked by Henning Brauer.
471: Now maintained by Kenneth Westerback.
472: </li>
473: <li>
474: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hotplugd.8">hotplugd(8)</a>:
475: Started by Alexander Yurchenko.
476: Imported May 30, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.6.
477: </li>
478: <li>
479: <a href="http://www.openntpd.org/">OpenNTPD</a>
480: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpd.8">ntpd(8)</a>
481: and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpctl.8">ntpctl(8)</a>:
482: Written and maintained by Henning Brauer.
483: Imported May 31, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.6.
484: Portable version maintained by Brent Cook.
485: </li>
486: <li>
487: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dpb.1">dpb(1)</a>:
488: Started by Nikolay Sturm on August 10, 2004; first available for OpenBSD 3.6.
489: Rewritten and maintained by Marc Espie since August 20, 2010.
490: </li>
491: <li>
492: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a>,
493: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfctl.8">ospfctl(8)</a>:
494: Started by Esben Norby and Claudio Jeker.
495: Imported January 28, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.7.
496: </li>
497: <li>
498: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifstated.8">ifstated(8)</a>:
499: Started by Marco Pfatschbacher and Ryan McBride.
500: Imported January 23, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
501: </li>
502: <li>
503: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bioctl.8">bioctl(8)</a>:
504: Started by Marco Peereboom.
505: Imported March 29, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
506: </li>
507: <li>
508: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hostapd.8">hostapd(8)</a>:
509: Written and maintained by Reyk Floeter.
510: Imported May 26, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
511: </li>
512: <li>
513: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/watchdogd.8">watchdogd(8)</a>:
514: Started by Marc Balmer.
515: Imported August 8, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
516: </li>
517: <li>
518: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sdiff.1">sdiff(1)</a>:
519: Written by Ray Lai.
520: Imported December 27, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.9.
521: </li>
522: <li>
523: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dvmrpd.8">dvmrpd(8)</a>,
524: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dvmrpctl.8">dvmrpctl(8)</a>:
525: Started by Esben Norby.
526: Imported June 1, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.0.
527: </li>
528: <li>
529: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ripd.8">ripd(8)</a>,
530: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ripctl.8">ripctl(8)</a>:
531: Started by Michele Marchetto.
532: Imported October 18, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1.
533: </li>
534: <li>
535: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg-config.1">pkg-config(1)</a>:
536: Started by Chris Kuethe and Marc Espie.
537: Imported November 27, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1.
538: Now maintained by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse.
539: </li>
540: <li>
541: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>
542: with <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayctl.8">relayctl(8)</a>:
543: Started by Pierre-Yves Ritschard and Reyk Floeter.
544: Imported December 16, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1.
545: Now maintained by Reyk Floeter and Sebastian Benoit.<br/>
546: </li>
547: <li>
548: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cwm.1">cwm(1)</a>:
549: Started by <a href="http://monkey.org/~marius/cwm/README">Marius
550: Aamodt Eriksen</A> in 2004.
551: Imported April 27, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.2.
552: Now maintained by Okan Demirmen.
553: <a href="https://github.com/chneukirchen/cwm">Portable version</a>
554: maintained by Leah Neukirchen.
555: </li>
556: <li>
557: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a>,
558: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6ctl.8">ospf6ctl(8)</a>:
559: Started by Esben Norby and Claudio Jeker.
560: Imported October 8, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.2.
561: </li>
562: <li>
563: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/libtool.1">libtool(1)</a>:
564: Written by Steven Mestdagh and Marc Espie.
565: Imported October 28, 2007 and first available for OpenBSD 4.3.
566: Now maintained by Marc Espie, Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse,
567: and Antoine Jacoutot.
568: </li>
569: <li>
570: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/snmpd.8">snmpd(8)</a>,
571: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/snmpctl.8">snmpctl(8)</a>:
572: Started by Reyk Floeter.
573: Imported December 5, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.3.
574: Maintained by Reyk Floeter and Bret Lambert.
575: </li>
576: <li>
577: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sysmerge.8">sysmerge(8)</a>:
578: Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot,
579: originally forked from mergemaster by Douglas Barton.
580: Imported April 22, 2008, first released with OpenBSD 4.4.
581: </li>
582: <li>
583: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypldap.8">ypldap(8)</a>:
584: Started by Pierre-Yves Ritschard.
585: Imported June 26, 2008 and first released with OpenBSD 4.4.
586: </li>
587: <li>
588: <a href="https://www.opensmtpd.org/">OpenSMTPD</a>
589: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>,
590: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpctl.8">smtpctl(8)</a>,
591: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/makemap.8">makemap(8)</a>:
592: Started by Gilles Chehade.
593: Imported November 1, 2008 and first released with OpenBSD 4.6.
594: Now maintained by Gilles Chehade and Eric Faurot.
595: </li>
596: <li>
597: <a href="http://tmux.github.io/">tmux</a>,
598: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>:
599: Started in 2007 and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
600: Imported June 1, 2009, first released with OpenBSD 4.6.
601: </li>
602: <li>
603: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldpd.8">ldpd(8)</a>,
604: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldpctl.8">ldpctl(8)</a>:
605: Started by Michele Marchetto.
606: Imported June 1, 2009 and first released with OpenBSD 4.6.
607: Now maintained by Claudio Jeker.
608: </li>
609: <li>
610: <a href="http://mdocml.bsd.lv/">mandoc</a>
611: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mandoc.1">mandoc(1)</a>,
612: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/man.1">man(1)</a>,
613: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apropos.1">apropos(1)</a>,
614: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/makewhatis.8">makewhatis(8)</a>,
1.67 schwarze 615: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/man.cgi.8">man.cgi(8)</a>:
1.59 job 616: Started by Kristaps Dzonsons in November 2008.
617: Imported April 6, 2009, first released with OpenBSD 4.8.
618: Now maintained by Ingo Schwarze.
619: </li>
620: <li>
621: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapd.8">ldapd(8)</a>,
622: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapctl.8">ldapctl(8)</a>:
623: Written by Martin Hedenfalk.
624: Imported May 31, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.8.
625: </li>
626: <li>
627: <a href="http://www.openiked.org/">OpenIKED</a>
628: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>
629: and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ikectl.8">ikectl(8)</a>:
630: Started by Reyk Floeter.
631: Imported June 3, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.8.
632: Now maintained by Reyk Floeter and Mike Belopuhov.
633: </li>
634: <li>
635: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iscsid.8">iscsid(8)</a>,
636: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iscsictl.8">iscsictl(8)</a>:
637: Written and maintained by Claudio Jeker.
638: Imported September 24, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.9.
639: </li>
640: <li>
641: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.d.8">rc.d(8)</a>,
642: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.subr.8">rc.subr(8)</a>:
643: Written and maintained by Robert Nagy and Antoine Jacoutot.
644: Imported October 26, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.9.
645: </li>
646: <li>
647: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tftpd.8">tftpd(8)</a>:
648: Written and maintained by David Gwynne.
649: Imported March 2, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.2.
650: </li>
651: <li>
652: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppd.8">npppd(8)</a>,
653: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppctl.8">npppctl(8)</a>:
654: Started by Internet Initiative Japan Inc.
655: Imported January 11, 2010, first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
656: Maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.
657: </li>
658: <li>
659: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldomd.8">ldomd(8)</a>,
660: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldomctl.8">ldomctl(8)</a>:
661: Written and maintained by Mark Kettenis.
662: Imported October 26, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
663: </li>
664: <li>
665: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndiod.8">sndiod(8)</a>:
666: Written and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov.
667: Imported November 23, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
668: </li>
669: <li>
670: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cu.1">cu(1)</a>:
671: Written and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
672: Imported July 10, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
673: </li>
674: <li>
675: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/identd.8">identd(8)</a>:
676: Written and maintained by David Gwynne.
677: Imported March 18, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
678: </li>
679: <li>
680: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slowcgi.8">slowcgi(8)</a>:
681: Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
682: Imported May 23, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
683: </li>
684: <li>
685: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a>:
686: Written and maintained by <a href="http://www.tedunangst.com/flak/post/signify">Ted Unangst</a>.
687: Imported December 31, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.5.
688: </li>
689: <li>
690: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/htpasswd.1">htpasswd(1)</a>:
691: Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
692: Imported March 17, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.6.
693: </li>
694: <li>
695: <a href="https://www.libressl.org/">LibreSSL</a>:
696: Started by Ted Unangst, Bob Beck, Joel Sing, Miod Vallat, Philip Guenther,
697: and Theo de Raadt on April 13, 2014, as a fork of OpenSSL 1.0.1g.
698: First released with OpenBSD 5.6.
699: Portable version maintained by Brent Cook.
700: </li>
701: <li>
702: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>:
703: Started by Reyk Floeter.
704: Imported July 12, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.6.
705: Maintained by Reyk Floeter and Florian Obser.
706: </li>
707: <li>
708: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rcctl.8">rcctl(8)</a>:
709: Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot.
710: Imported August 19, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.7.
711: </li>
712: <li>
713: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/file.1">file(1)</a>:
714: Rewritten from scratch and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
715: Imported April 24, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
716: </li>
717: <li>
718: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/doas.1">doas(1)</a>:
719: Written and maintained by Ted Unangst.
720: Imported July 16, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
721: </li>
722: <li>
723: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radiusd.8">radiusd(8)</a>:
724: Written and maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.
725: Imported July 21, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
726: </li>
727: <li>
728: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/eigrpd.8">eigrpd(8)</a>,
729: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/eigrpctl.8">eigrpctl(8)</a>:
730: Written and maintained by Renato Westphal.
731: Imported October 2, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
732: </li>
733: <li>
734: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rebound.8">rebound(8)</a>:
735: Written and maintained by Ted Unangst.
736: Imported October 15, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
737: </li>
738: <li>
739: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmm.4">vmm(4)</a>,
740: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmd.8">vmd(8)</a>,
741: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmctl.8">vmctl(8)</a>:
742: Written and maintained by Mike Larkin and Reyk Floeter.
743: Imported November 13, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
744: </li>
745: <li>
746: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pdisk.8">pdisk(8)</a>:
747: Originally written by Eryk Vershen in 1996-1998,
748: rewritten and maintained by Kenneth Westerback since January 11, 2016
749: and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
750: </li>
751: <li>
752: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mknod.8">mknod(8)</a>:
753: Original version from Version 6 AT&T UNIX (1975),
754: last rewritten by Marc Espie on March 5, 2016
755: and first released with OpenBSD 6.0.
756: </li>
757: <li>
758: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/audioctl.1">audioctl(1)</a>:
759: Originally written by Lennart Augustsson in 1997,
760: rewritten and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov since June 21, 2016
761: and first released with OpenBSD 6.0.
762: </li>
763: <li>
764: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/switchd.8">switchd(8)</a>,
765: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/switchctl.8">switchctl(8)</a>:
766: Written and maintained by Reyk Floeter.
767: Imported July 19, 2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
768: </li>
769: <li>
770: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acme-client.1">acme-client(1)</a>:
771: Written by Kristaps Dzonsons, imported August 31, 2016; released
772: with OpenBSD 6.1.
773: </li>
774: <li>
775: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/syspatch.8">syspatch(8)</a>:
776: Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot.
777: Imported September 5, 2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
778: </li>
779: <li>
780: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a>:
781: Restructured to include IPv6 functionality and maintained by Florian Obser.
782: The separate
783: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-6.0/ping6.8">ping6(8)</a>
784: was superseded on September 17, 2016,
785: and the new, combined version was released with OpenBSD 6.1.
786: </li>
787: <li>
788: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/xenodm.1">xenodm(1)</a>:
789: Cleaned-up fork of
790: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-6.0/xdm.1">xdm(1)</a>
791: maintained by Matthieu Herrb.
792: Imported October 23, 2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
793: </li>
794: <li>
795: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ocspcheck.8">ocspcheck(8)</a>:
796: Written and maintained by Bob Beck.
797: Imported January 24, 2017; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
798: </li>
799: <li>
800: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a>:
801: Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
802: Imported March 18, 2017; released with OpenBSD 6.2.
1.66 schwarze 803: </li>
804: <li>
805: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rad.8">rad(8)</a>:
806: Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
807: Imported July 10, 2018.
1.59 job 808: </li>
1.1 schwarze 809: </ul>
810:
1.11 deraadt 811: <h3>Projects maintained by OpenBSD developers outside OpenBSD</h3>
1.1 schwarze 812:
813: <ul>
1.59 job 814: <li>
815: <a href="http://www.sudo.ws/">sudo</a>:
816: Started by Bob Coggeshall and Cliff Spencer around 1980.
817: Imported November 18, 1999, first released with OpenBSD 2.7.
818: Now maintained by Todd Miller.
819: </li>
820: <li>
821: <a href="http://bulabula.org/femail/">femail</a>:
822: Written and maintained by Henning Brauer.
823: Started in 2005, port available since September 22, 2005.
824: </li>
825: <li>
826: <a href="http://www.midish.org/">midish</a>:
827: Written and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov.
828: Started in 2003, port available since November 4, 2005.
829: </li>
830: <li>
831: <a href="https://github.com/nicm/fdm">fdm</a>:
832: Written and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
833: Started in 2006, port available since January 18, 2007.
834: </li>
835: <li>
836: <a href="https://github.com/ajacoutot/toad/">toad</a>:
837: Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot.
838: Started in 2013, port available since October 8, 2013.
839: </li>
840: <li>
841: <a href="http://jasperla.github.io/portroach/">portroach</a>:
842: Written and maintained by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse,
843: originally forked from FreeBSD's portscout.
844: Started in 2014, port available since September 5, 2014.
845: </li>
846: <li>
847: <a href="https://github.com/yasuoka/cvs2gitdump">cvs2gitdump</a>:
848: Written and maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.
849: Started in 2012, port available since August 1, 2016.
850: </li>
1.1 schwarze 851: </ul>
852:
853: </body>
854: </html>
![[BACK]](/icons/back.gif){kind=icon}
Return to innovations.html CVS log ![[TXT]](/icons/text.gif){kind=icon}
![[DIR]](/icons/dir.gif){kind=icon}
Up to [local] / www