Annotation of www/innovations.html, Revision 1.79
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1.33 tj 5: <title>OpenBSD: Innovations</title>
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1.1 schwarze 9:
1.77 bentley 10: <h2 id=OpenBSD>
11: <a href="index.html">
12: <i>Open</i><b>BSD</b></a>
13: Innovations
14: </h2>
1.31 deraadt 15:
16: <hr>
1.32 tj 17: <p>
1.59 job 18: This is a list of software and ideas developed or maintained by the OpenBSD
19: project, sorted in order of approximate introduction. Some of them are
20: explained in detail in our <a href="events.html">research papers</a>.
21: </p>
1.32 tj 22: <hr>
1.1 schwarze 23:
1.59 job 24: <h3>Concepts</h3>
1.1 schwarze 25:
26: <ul>
1.78 deraadt 27: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ipsec.4">ipsec(4)</a>:
28: Started by John Ioannidis, Angelos D. Keromytis, Niels Provos, and
29: Niklas Hallqvist, imported February 20, 1997. OpenBSD was the first
30: free operating system to provide an IPSec stack.
31: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/inet6.4">inet6(4)</a>:
32: First complete integration and adoption of IPv6 led by
33: "Itojun" (Dr. Junichiro Hagino) [WIDE/KAME], Craig Metz [NRL], and
34: Angelos D. Keromytis starting Jan 6, 1999.
35: Almost fully operational Jun 6, 1999 during the
36: <a href="hackathons.html">first OpenBSD hackathon</a>.
37: OpenBSD 2.7.
38: <li><strong>Privilege separation</strong>:
39: First implemented by
40: <a href="http://www.citi.umich.edu/u/provos/ssh/privsep.html">Niels Provos</a>
41: and Markus Friedl in OpenSSH in March 2002, released with OpenBSD 3.2.
42: The concept is now used in many OpenBSD programs, for example
43: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>,
44: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>,
45: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a>,
46: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dvmrpd.8">dvmrpd(8)</a>,
47: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/eigrpd.8">eigrpd(8)</a>,
48: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/file.1">file(1)</a>,
49: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>,
50: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>,
51: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapd.8">ldapd(8)</a>,
52: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldpd.8">ldpd(8)</a>,
53: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mountd.8">mountd(8)</a>,
54: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppd.8">npppd(8)</a>,
55: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpd.8">ntpd(8)</a>,
56: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a>,
57: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a>,
58: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pflogd.8">pflogd(8)</a>,
59: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radiusd.8">radiusd(8)</a>,
60: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>,
61: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ripd.8">ripd(8)</a>,
62: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/script.1">script(1)</a>,
63: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>,
64: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/syslogd.8">syslogd(8)</a>,
65: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tcpdump.8">tcpdump(8)</a>,
66: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>,
67: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/xconsole.1">xconsole(1)</a>,
68: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/xdm.1">xdm(1)</a>,
69: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/Xserver.1">Xserver(1)</a>,
70: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypldap.8">ypldap(8)</a>,
71: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a>,
72: etc.
73: <li><strong>Privilege revocation</strong>:
74: Related to the work on privilege separation, some programs were refactored
75: to drop privileges while holding onto a tricky resource such as a raw socket,
76: reserved port, or modification-locked bpf(4) descriptor,
77: for example
78: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a>,
79: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/traceroute.8">traceroute(8)</a>,
80: etc.
81: <li><strong>Stack protector</strong>:
82: Developed since 2001 as "propolice" by Hiroaki Etoh. Integrated, and
83: implemented for additional hardware platforms, by Miod Vallat and Theo
84: de Raadt. OpenBSD 3.3 was the first operating system to enable it
85: systemwide by default.
86: <li><strong>W^X</strong>:
87: First used for sparc, sparc64, alpha, and hppa in OpenBSD 3.3.
88: Strictly enforced by default since OpenBSD 6.0: a program can only
89: violate it if the executable is marked with <code>PT_OPENBSD_WXNEEDED</code>
90: and it is located on a filesystem mounted with the <code>wxallowed</code>
91: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mount.8">mount(8)</a> option.
92: <li><strong>GOT and PLT protection</strong> by ld.so:
93: first done as part of the W^X work in OpenBSD 3.3, by Dale Rahn and
94: Theo de Raadt. The GOT and PLT regions are read-only outside of ld.so
95: itself. Extended to the .init/.fini sections (constructors and
96: destructors) in OpenBSD 3.4.
97: <li><strong>ASLR</strong>:
98: OpenBSD 3.4 was the first widely used operating system to
99: provide it by default.
100: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/gcc-local.1">gcc-local(1)</a>
101: __attribute__((__bounded__)) static analysis annotation
102: and checking mechanism:
103: Started by Anil Madhavapeddy on June 26, 2003
104: and ported to GCC 4 by Nicholas Marriott.
105: First released with OpenBSD 3.4.
106: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/malloc.3">malloc(3)</a>
107: randomization implemented by Thierry Deval. Guard pages and randomized (delayed) free added by Ted Unangst.
108: Reimplemented by <a href="papers/eurobsdcon2009/otto-malloc.pdf">Otto Moerbeek</a>
109: for OpenBSD 4.4.
110: <li><strong>Position-independent executables (PIE)</strong>:
111: OpenBSD 5.3 was the first widely used operating system to enable it
112: globally by default, on seven hardware platforms.
113: Implemented in November 2008 by
114: <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/papers/nycbsdcon08-pie/">Kurt Miller</a>
115: and enabled by default by
116: <a href="https://www.openbsd.org/papers/asiabsdcon2015-pie-slides.pdf">Pascal Stumpf</a>
117: in August 2012.
118: <li><strong>Random-data memory</strong>:
119: the ability to specify that a variable should be initialized
1.68 deraadt 120: at load time with random byte values (placed into a new ELF
121: <b>.openbsd.randomdata</b> section) was implemented in
122: OpenBSD 5.3 by Matthew Dempsky.
1.78 deraadt 123: <li><strong>Stack protector per shared object</strong>:
124: using the random-data memory feature, each shared object was given its
125: own stack protector cookie in OpenBSD 5.3 by Matthew Dempsky.
126: <li><strong>Static-PIE</strong>:
127: Position-independent static binaries for /bin, /sbin and ramdisks.
128: Implemented for OpenBSD 5.7 by Kurt Miller and Mark Kettenis.
129: <li><strong>SROP</strong>
130: (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sigreturn.2">sigreturn(2)</a>
131: oriented programming) mitigation: attacks researched by
132: <a href="http://www.cs.vu.nl/~herbertb/papers/srop_sp14.pdf">Eric Bosman</a>
133: and Herbert Bos in 2014, solution implemented by Theo de Raadt in May 2016,
134: enabled by default since OpenBSD 6.0.
135: <li><strong>Library order randomization</strong>:
136: In <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.8">rc(8)</a>, re-link
137: <code>libc.so</code>, <code>libcrypto</code>, and <code>ld.so</code>
138: on startup, placing the objects in a random order.
139: Theo de Raadt and Robert Peichaer, May 2016,
140: enabled by default since OpenBSD 6.0 and 6.2.
141: <li>Kernel-assisted lazy-binding for W^X safety in multi-threaded programs.
142: A new syscall <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/kbind.2">kbind(2)</a>
143: permits lazy-binding to be W^X safe in multi-threaded programs.
144: Implemented for OpenBSD 5.9 by Philip Guenther in July 2015.
145: <li>Process layouts in memory tightened to remove execute permission from
146: all segmented, non-instruction data and to remove write permission from
147: data that is only modified during loading and relocation.
148: By combining the RELRO (Read-Only after Relocation) design from the
149: GNU project with the original ASLR work from OpenBSD 3.3 and
150: strict lazy-binding work from OpenBSD 5.9, this is applied to not
151: just a subset of programs and libraries but rather to all programs
152: and libraries.
153: Implemented for OpenBSD 6.1 by Philip Guenther in August 2016.
154: <li>Use of <strong>fork+exec in privilege separated programs</strong>. The
155: strategy is to give each process a fresh & unique address space for
156: ASLR, stack protector -- as protection against address space discovery attacks.
157: Implemented first by
158: Damien Miller (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a> 2004),
159: Claudio Jeker (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>, 2015),
160: Eric Faurot (<a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>, 2016),
161: Rafael Zalamena (various, 2016), and others.
162: <li><strong>trapsleds</strong>:
163: Reduction of incidental NOP instructions/sequences in the instruction
164: stream which could be useful potentially for ROP attack methods to
165: innaccurately target gadgets. These NOP sequences are converted into
166: trap sequences where possible. Todd Mortimer and Theo de Raadt, June
167: 2017.
168: <li><strong>Kernel relinking at boot</strong>:
169: the .o files of the kernel are relinked in random order from a
170: link-kit, before every reboot. This provides substantial interior
171: randomization in the kernel's text and data segments for layout and
172: relative branches/calls. Basically a unique address space for each
173: kernel boot, similar to the userland fork+exec model described above
174: but for the kernel. Theo de Raadt, June 2017.
1.61 deraadt 175: <li>
176: Rearranged i386/amd64 register allocator order in
177: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/clang.1">clang(1)</a>
178: to reduce polymorphic RET instructions:
179: Todd Mortimer, November 20, 2017.
1.64 deraadt 180: <li>
1.72 mortimer 181: Reencoding of i386/amd64 instruction sequences to avoid
182: embedded polymorphic RET instructions. Enhancements to
183: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/clang.1">clang(1)</a>
184: Todd Mortimer, April 28, 2018 and onwards.
1.78 deraadt 185: <li><b>MAP_STACK</b> addition to
1.64 deraadt 186: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mmap.2">mmap(2)</a>
187: allows opportunistic verification that the stack-register
188: points at stack memory, therefore catching pivots to non-stack
189: memory (sometimes used in ROP attacks).
190: Theo de Raadt, April 12, 2018.
1.78 deraadt 191: <li><b>RETGUARD</b> is a replacement for the <b>stack-protector</b>
192: which uses a per-function random cookie (located in the read-only ELF
193: <b>.openbsd.randomdata</b> section) to consistency-check the
194: return address on the stack. Implemented for AMD64 and ARM64
195: by Todd Mortimer in OpenBSD 6.4.
196: <li><b>MAP_CONCEAL</b> addition to
1.76 otto 197: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mmap.2">mmap(2)</a>
198: disallows memory pages to be written to core dumps, preventing
199: accidental exposure of private information.
200: Theo de Raadt, Mark Kettenis and Scott Soule Cheloha,
201: February 2, 2019.
1.79 ! deraadt 202: <li>Similar to the opportunistic verification in <b>MAP_STACK</b>,
! 203: system-calls can no longer be performed from PROT_WRITE memory.
! 204: Theo de Raadt, June 2, 2019.
1.17 mlarkin 205: </ul>
1.1 schwarze 206:
1.59 job 207: <h3>Functions</h3>
1.1 schwarze 208:
209: <ul>
1.78 deraadt 210: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/issetugid.2">issetugid(2)</a>:
211: Theo de Raadt, August 25, 1996, OpenBSD 2.0
212: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/arc4random.3">arc4random(3)</a>:
213: David Mazieres, December 28, 1996, OpenBSD 2.1
214: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bcrypt.3">bcrypt(3)</a>:
215: Implemented by <a href="https://www.usenix.org/legacy/events/usenix99/provos/provos_html/node1.html">Niels Provos and David Mazieres</a>
216: Imported February 13, 1997 and first released with OpenBSD 2.1.
217: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/strlcpy.3">strlcpy(3)</a>,
218: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/strlcat.3">strlcat(3)</a>:
219: Todd Miller and Theo de Raadt, July 1, 1998, OpenBSD 2.4
220: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/strtonum.3">strtonum(3)</a>:
221: Ted Unangst, Todd Miller, and Theo de Raadt, May 3, 2004, OpenBSD 3.6
222: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/imsg_init.3">imsg</a>:
223: Message passing API, written by Henning Brauer.
224: In libutil since May 26, 2010, OpenBSD 4.8;
225: used by various daemons before that.
226: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/timingsafe_bcmp.3">timingsafe_bcmp(3)</a>:
227: Damien Miller, July 13, 2010, OpenBSD 4.9
228: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/explicit_bzero.3">explicit_bzero(3)</a>:
229: Ted Unangst and Matthew Dempsky, January 22, 2014, OpenBSD 5.5
230: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ohash_init.3">ohash</a>:
231: Written and maintained by Marc Espie.
232: In libutil since May 12, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6;
233: used by make(1) and m4(1) before that.
234: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/asr_run.3">asr</a>:
235: Replacement resolver written and maintained by Eric Faurot.
236: Imported April 14, 2012; activated on March 26, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6.
237: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/reallocarray.3">reallocarray(3)</a>:
238: Theo de Raadt and Ted Unangst, April 22, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
239: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getentropy.2">getentropy(2)</a>:
240: Matthew Dempsky and Theo de Raadt, June 13, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
241: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sendsyslog.2">sendsyslog(2)</a>:
242: Theo de Raadt, July 10, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
243: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/timingsafe_memcmp.3">timingsafe_memcmp(3)</a>:
244: Matthew Dempsky, July 13, 2014, OpenBSD 5.6
245: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a>:
246: Theo de Raadt, July 19, 2015, OpenBSD 5.9
247: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getpwnam_shadow.3">getpwnam_shadow(3)</a>,
248: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/getpwuid_shadow.3">getpwuid_shadow(3)</a>:
249: Ted Unangst and Theo de Raadt, November 18, 2015, OpenBSD 5.9
250: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/recallocarray.3">recallocarray(3)</a>:
251: Otto Moerbeek, Joel Sing and Theo de Raadt, March 6, 2017, OpenBSD 6.1
252: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/freezero.3">freezero(3)</a>:
253: Otto Moerbeek, April 10, 2017, OpenBSD 6.2
254: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unveil.2">unveil(2)</a>:
255: Theo de Raadt and Bob Beck, July 13, 2018, OpenBSD 6.4
256: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/malloc_conceal.3">malloc_conceal(3)</a>
1.76 otto 257: and
1.78 deraadt 258: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/calloc_conceal.3">calloc_conceal(3)</a>:
259: Otto Moerbeek, May 10, 2019, OpenBSD 6.5
1.16 deraadt 260: </ul>
261:
1.59 job 262:
263: <h3>Programs and subsystems</h3>
1.16 deraadt 264:
265: <ul>
1.78 deraadt 266: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypbind.8">ypbind(8)</a>,
267: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypset.8">ypset(8)</a>,
268: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypcat.1">ypcat(1)</a>,
269: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypmatch.1">ypmatch(1)</a>,
270: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypwhich.1">ypwhich(1)</a>,
271: and libc support: Started by Theo de Raadt.
272: Imported April 26, 1993 and first released with NetBSD 0.9.
273: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypserv.8">ypserv(8)</a>:
274: Started by Mats O. Jansson in 1994.
275: Imported October 23, 1995 and first released with OpenBSD 2.0.
276: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mopd.8">mopd(8)</a>:
277: Started by Mats O. Jansson in 1993.
278: Imported September 21, 1996 and first released with OpenBSD 2.0.
279: <li><a href="anoncvs.html">AnonCVS</a>:
280: Designed and implemented by Chuck Cranor and Theo de Raadt in 1995
281: (<a href="papers/anoncvs-paper.pdf">paper</a>,
282: <a href="papers/anoncvs-slides.pdf">slides</a>)
283: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/aucat.1">aucat(1)</a>:
284: Started by Kenneth Stailey.
285: Imported January 2, 1997 and first released with OpenBSD 2.1.
286: Now maintained by Alexandre Ratchov.
287: <li><a href="https://www.openssh.com/">OpenSSH</a>
288: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1">ssh(1)</a>,
289: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/scp.1">scp(1)</a>,
290: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp.1">sftp(1)</a>,
291: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-add.1">ssh-add(1)</a>,
292: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-agent.1">ssh-agent(1)</a>,
293: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ssh-keygen.1">ssh-keygen(1)</a>,
294: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sshd.8">sshd(8)</a>,
295: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sftp-server.8">sftp-server(8)</a>:
296: Started by Aaron Campbell, Bob Beck, Dug Song, Markus Friedl,
297: Niels Provos, and Theo de Raadt
298: as a fork of SSH 1.2.12 by Tatu Ylonen.
299: Imported September 26, 1999 and first released with OpenBSD 2.6.
300: Now maintained by Markus Friedl, Damien Miller, Darren Tucker, and
301: Theo de Raadt.
302: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mg.1">mg(1)</a>:
303: Started by Dave Conroy in November 1986.
304: Imported February 25, 2000 and first released with OpenBSD 2.7.
305: Now maintained by Mark Lumsden.
306: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/m4.1">m4(1)</a>:
307: Originally implemented by Ozan Yigit and Richard A. O'Keefe for 4.3BSD-Reno.
308: Considerably extended and maintained by Marc Espie since 1999.
309: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pf.4">pf(4)</a>,
310: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pfctl.8">pfctl(8)</a>,
311: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pflogd.8">pflogd(8)</a>,
312: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/authpf.8">authpf(8)</a>,
313: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ftp-proxy.8">ftp-proxy(8)</a>:
314: Started by Daniel Hartmeier as a replacement for the non-free ipf by
315: Darren Reed. Imported June 24, 2001 and first released with OpenBSD
316: 3.0. Now maintained by Henning Brauer.
317: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.9/systrace.4">systrace(4)</a>,
318: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-5.9/systrace.1">systrace(1)</a>:
319: Started by Niels Provos.
320: Imported June 4, 2002 and first released with OpenBSD 3.2.
321: Deleted after OpenBSD 5.9 because
322: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pledge.2">pledge(2)</a> is even better.
323: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/spamd.8">spamd(8)</a>:
324: Written by Bob Beck. Imported December 21, 2002 and first released with
325: OpenBSD 3.3.
326: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dc.1">dc(1)</a>:
327: Written and maintained by Otto Moerbeek.
328: Imported September 19, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
329: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bc.1">bc(1)</a>:
330: Written and maintained by Otto Moerbeek.
331: Imported September 25, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
332: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sensorsd.8">sensorsd(8)</a>:
333: Started by Henning Brauer.
334: Imported September 24, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
335: Reworked by Constantine A. Murenin.
336: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg_add.1">pkg_add(1)</a>:
337: Written and maintained by Marc Espie.
338: Imported October 16, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
339: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/carp.4">carp(4)</a>:
340: Written by Mickey Shalayeff, Markus Friedl, Marco Pfatschbacher,
341: and Ryan McBride.
342: Imported October 17, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
343: <li><a href="http://www.openbgpd.org/">OpenBGPD</a>
344: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpd.8">bgpd(8)</a>
345: and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bgpctl.8">bgpctl(8)</a>:
346: Written and maintained by Henning Brauer and Claudio Jeker,
347: and also maintained by Peter Hessler.
348: Imported December 17, 2003 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
349: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhclient.8">dhclient(8)</a>:
350: Started by Ted Lemon and Elliot Poger in 1996.
351: Imported January 18, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.5.
352: Reworked by Henning Brauer.
353: Now maintained by Kenneth Westerback.
354: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dhcpd.8">dhcpd(8)</a>:
355: Started by Ted Lemon in 1995.
356: Imported April 13, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.6.
357: Reworked by Henning Brauer.
358: Now maintained by Kenneth Westerback.
359: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hotplugd.8">hotplugd(8)</a>:
360: Started by Alexander Yurchenko.
361: Imported May 30, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.6.
362: <li><a href="http://www.openntpd.org/">OpenNTPD</a>
363: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpd.8">ntpd(8)</a>
364: and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ntpctl.8">ntpctl(8)</a>:
365: Written and maintained by Henning Brauer.
366: Imported May 31, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.6.
367: Portable version maintained by Brent Cook.
368: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dpb.1">dpb(1)</a>:
369: Started by Nikolay Sturm on August 10, 2004; first available for OpenBSD 3.6.
370: Rewritten and maintained by Marc Espie since August 20, 2010.
371: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfd.8">ospfd(8)</a>,
372: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospfctl.8">ospfctl(8)</a>:
373: Started by Esben Norby and Claudio Jeker.
374: Imported January 28, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.7.
375: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ifstated.8">ifstated(8)</a>:
376: Started by Marco Pfatschbacher and Ryan McBride.
377: Imported January 23, 2004 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
378: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/bioctl.8">bioctl(8)</a>:
379: Started by Marco Peereboom.
380: Imported March 29, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
381: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/hostapd.8">hostapd(8)</a>:
382: Written and maintained by Reyk Floeter.
383: Imported May 26, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
384: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/watchdogd.8">watchdogd(8)</a>:
385: Started by Marc Balmer.
386: Imported August 8, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.8.
387: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sdiff.1">sdiff(1)</a>:
388: Written by Ray Lai.
389: Imported December 27, 2005 and first released with OpenBSD 3.9.
390: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dvmrpd.8">dvmrpd(8)</a>,
391: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/dvmrpctl.8">dvmrpctl(8)</a>:
392: Started by Esben Norby.
393: Imported June 1, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.0.
394: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ripd.8">ripd(8)</a>,
395: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ripctl.8">ripctl(8)</a>:
396: Started by Michele Marchetto.
397: Imported October 18, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1.
398: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pkg-config.1">pkg-config(1)</a>:
399: Started by Chris Kuethe and Marc Espie.
400: Imported November 27, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1.
401: Now maintained by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse.
402: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayd.8">relayd(8)</a>
403: with <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/relayctl.8">relayctl(8)</a>:
404: Started by Pierre-Yves Ritschard and Reyk Floeter.
405: Imported December 16, 2006 and first released with OpenBSD 4.1.
406: Now maintained by Reyk Floeter and Sebastian Benoit.<br/>
407: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cwm.1">cwm(1)</a>:
408: Started by <a href="http://monkey.org/~marius/cwm/README">Marius
409: Aamodt Eriksen</A> in 2004.
410: Imported April 27, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.2.
411: Now maintained by Okan Demirmen.
412: <a href="https://github.com/chneukirchen/cwm">Portable version</a>
413: maintained by Leah Neukirchen.
414: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6d.8">ospf6d(8)</a>,
415: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ospf6ctl.8">ospf6ctl(8)</a>:
416: Started by Esben Norby and Claudio Jeker.
417: Imported October 8, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.2.
418: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/libtool.1">libtool(1)</a>:
419: Written by Steven Mestdagh and Marc Espie.
420: Imported October 28, 2007 and first available for OpenBSD 4.3.
421: Now maintained by Marc Espie, Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse,
422: and Antoine Jacoutot.
423: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/snmpd.8">snmpd(8)</a>,
424: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/snmpctl.8">snmpctl(8)</a>:
425: Started by Reyk Floeter.
426: Imported December 5, 2007 and first released with OpenBSD 4.3.
427: Maintained by Reyk Floeter and Bret Lambert.
428: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sysmerge.8">sysmerge(8)</a>:
429: Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot,
430: originally forked from mergemaster by Douglas Barton.
431: Imported April 22, 2008, first released with OpenBSD 4.4.
432: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ypldap.8">ypldap(8)</a>:
433: Started by Pierre-Yves Ritschard.
434: Imported June 26, 2008 and first released with OpenBSD 4.4.
435: <li><a href="https://www.opensmtpd.org/">OpenSMTPD</a>
436: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpd.8">smtpd(8)</a>,
437: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/smtpctl.8">smtpctl(8)</a>,
438: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/makemap.8">makemap(8)</a>:
439: Started by Gilles Chehade.
440: Imported November 1, 2008 and first released with OpenBSD 4.6.
441: Now maintained by Gilles Chehade and Eric Faurot.
442: <li><a href="http://tmux.github.io/">tmux</a>,
443: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tmux.1">tmux(1)</a>:
444: Started in 2007 and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
445: Imported June 1, 2009, first released with OpenBSD 4.6.
446: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldpd.8">ldpd(8)</a>,
447: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldpctl.8">ldpctl(8)</a>:
448: Started by Michele Marchetto.
449: Imported June 1, 2009 and first released with OpenBSD 4.6.
450: Now maintained by Claudio Jeker.
451: <li><a href="http://mdocml.bsd.lv/">mandoc</a>
452: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mandoc.1">mandoc(1)</a>,
453: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/man.1">man(1)</a>,
454: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/apropos.1">apropos(1)</a>,
455: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/makewhatis.8">makewhatis(8)</a>,
456: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/man.cgi.8">man.cgi(8)</a>:
457: Started by Kristaps Dzonsons in November 2008.
458: Imported April 6, 2009, first released with OpenBSD 4.8.
459: Now maintained by Ingo Schwarze.
460: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapd.8">ldapd(8)</a>,
461: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldapctl.8">ldapctl(8)</a>:
462: Written by Martin Hedenfalk.
463: Imported May 31, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.8.
464: <li><a href="http://www.openiked.org/">OpenIKED</a>
465: including <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iked.8">iked(8)</a>
466: and <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ikectl.8">ikectl(8)</a>:
467: Started by Reyk Floeter.
468: Imported June 3, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.8.
469: Now maintained by Reyk Floeter and Mike Belopuhov.
470: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iscsid.8">iscsid(8)</a>,
471: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/iscsictl.8">iscsictl(8)</a>:
472: Written and maintained by Claudio Jeker.
473: Imported September 24, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.9.
474: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.d.8">rc.d(8)</a>,
475: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rc.subr.8">rc.subr(8)</a>:
476: Written and maintained by Robert Nagy and Antoine Jacoutot.
477: Imported October 26, 2010 and first released with OpenBSD 4.9.
478: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/tftpd.8">tftpd(8)</a>:
479: Written and maintained by David Gwynne.
480: Imported March 2, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.2.
481: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppd.8">npppd(8)</a>,
482: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/npppctl.8">npppctl(8)</a>:
483: Started by Internet Initiative Japan Inc.
484: Imported January 11, 2010, first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
485: Maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.
486: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldomd.8">ldomd(8)</a>,
487: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ldomctl.8">ldomctl(8)</a>:
488: Written and maintained by Mark Kettenis.
489: Imported October 26, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
490: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/sndiod.8">sndiod(8)</a>:
491: Written and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov.
492: Imported November 23, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.3.
493: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/cu.1">cu(1)</a>:
494: Written and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
495: Imported July 10, 2012 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
496: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/identd.8">identd(8)</a>:
497: Written and maintained by David Gwynne.
498: Imported March 18, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
499: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slowcgi.8">slowcgi(8)</a>:
500: Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
501: Imported May 23, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.4.
502: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/signify.1">signify(1)</a>:
503: Written and maintained by <a href="http://www.tedunangst.com/flak/post/signify">Ted Unangst</a>.
504: Imported December 31, 2013 and first released with OpenBSD 5.5.
505: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/htpasswd.1">htpasswd(1)</a>:
506: Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
507: Imported March 17, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.6.
508: <li><a href="https://www.libressl.org/">LibreSSL</a>:
509: Started by Ted Unangst, Bob Beck, Joel Sing, Miod Vallat, Philip Guenther,
510: and Theo de Raadt on April 13, 2014, as a fork of OpenSSL 1.0.1g.
511: First released with OpenBSD 5.6.
512: Portable version maintained by Brent Cook.
513: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/httpd.8">httpd(8)</a>:
514: Started by Reyk Floeter.
515: Imported July 12, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.6.
516: Maintained by Reyk Floeter and Florian Obser.
517: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rcctl.8">rcctl(8)</a>:
518: Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot.
519: Imported August 19, 2014 and first released with OpenBSD 5.7.
520: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/file.1">file(1)</a>:
521: Rewritten from scratch and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
522: Imported April 24, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
523: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/doas.1">doas(1)</a>:
524: Written and maintained by Ted Unangst.
525: Imported July 16, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
526: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/radiusd.8">radiusd(8)</a>:
527: Written and maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.
528: Imported July 21, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.8.
529: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/eigrpd.8">eigrpd(8)</a>,
530: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/eigrpctl.8">eigrpctl(8)</a>:
531: Written and maintained by Renato Westphal.
532: Imported October 2, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
533: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rebound.8">rebound(8)</a>:
534: Written and maintained by Ted Unangst.
535: Imported October 15, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
536: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmm.4">vmm(4)</a>,
537: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmd.8">vmd(8)</a>,
538: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/vmctl.8">vmctl(8)</a>:
539: Written and maintained by Mike Larkin and Reyk Floeter.
540: Imported November 13, 2015 and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
541: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/pdisk.8">pdisk(8)</a>:
542: Originally written by Eryk Vershen in 1996-1998,
543: rewritten and maintained by Kenneth Westerback since January 11, 2016
544: and first released with OpenBSD 5.9.
545: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/mknod.8">mknod(8)</a>:
546: Original version from Version 6 AT&T UNIX (1975),
547: last rewritten by Marc Espie on March 5, 2016
548: and first released with OpenBSD 6.0.
549: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/audioctl.1">audioctl(1)</a>:
550: Originally written by Lennart Augustsson in 1997,
551: rewritten and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov since June 21, 2016
552: and first released with OpenBSD 6.0.
553: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/switchd.8">switchd(8)</a>,
554: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/switchctl.8">switchctl(8)</a>:
555: Written and maintained by Reyk Floeter.
556: Imported July 19, 2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
557: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/acme-client.1">acme-client(1)</a>:
558: Written by Kristaps Dzonsons, imported August 31, 2016; released
559: with OpenBSD 6.1.
560: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/syspatch.8">syspatch(8)</a>:
561: Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot.
562: Imported September 5, 2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
563: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ping.8">ping(8)</a>:
564: Restructured to include IPv6 functionality and maintained by Florian Obser.
565: The separate
566: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-6.0/ping6.8">ping6(8)</a>
567: was superseded on September 17, 2016,
568: and the new, combined version was released with OpenBSD 6.1.
569: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/xenodm.1">xenodm(1)</a>:
570: Cleaned-up fork of
571: <a href="https://man.openbsd.org/OpenBSD-6.0/xdm.1">xdm(1)</a>
572: maintained by Matthieu Herrb.
573: Imported October 23, 2016; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
574: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/ocspcheck.8">ocspcheck(8)</a>:
575: Written and maintained by Bob Beck.
576: Imported January 24, 2017; released with OpenBSD 6.1.
577: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/slaacd.8">slaacd(8)</a>:
578: Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
579: Imported March 18, 2017; released with OpenBSD 6.2.
580: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/rad.8">rad(8)</a>:
581: Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
582: Imported July 10, 2018; released with OpenBSD 6.4.
583: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/unwind.8">unwind(8)</a>:
584: Written and maintained by Florian Obser.
585: Imported January 23, 2019; released with OpenBSD 6.5.
586: <li><a href="https://man.openbsd.org/openrsync.1">openrsync(1)</a>:
587: Written by Kristaps Dzonsons.
588: Imported February 10, 2019; released with OpenBSD 6.5.
1.1 schwarze 589: </ul>
590:
1.11 deraadt 591: <h3>Projects maintained by OpenBSD developers outside OpenBSD</h3>
1.1 schwarze 592:
593: <ul>
1.78 deraadt 594: <li><a href="http://www.sudo.ws/">sudo</a>:
595: Started by Bob Coggeshall and Cliff Spencer around 1980.
596: Imported November 18, 1999, first released with OpenBSD 2.7.
597: Now maintained by Todd Miller.
598: <li><a href="http://bulabula.org/femail/">femail</a>:
599: Written and maintained by Henning Brauer.
600: Started in 2005, port available since September 22, 2005.
601: <li><a href="http://www.midish.org/">midish</a>:
602: Written and maintained by Alexandre Ratchov.
603: Started in 2003, port available since November 4, 2005.
604: <li><a href="https://github.com/nicm/fdm">fdm</a>:
605: Written and maintained by Nicholas Marriott.
606: Started in 2006, port available since January 18, 2007.
607: <li><a href="https://github.com/ajacoutot/toad/">toad</a>:
608: Written and maintained by Antoine Jacoutot.
609: Started in 2013, port available since October 8, 2013.
610: <li><a href="https://mandoc.bsd.lv/docbook2mdoc/">docbook2mdoc</a>:
611: Started by Kristaps Dzonsons in 2014, maintained by Ingo Schwarze.
612: Port available since April 3, 2014.
613: <li><a href="http://jasperla.github.io/portroach/">portroach</a>:
614: Written and maintained by Jasper Lievisse Adriaanse,
615: originally forked from FreeBSD's portscout.
616: Started in 2014, port available since September 5, 2014.
617: <li><a href="https://github.com/yasuoka/cvs2gitdump">cvs2gitdump</a>:
618: Written and maintained by YASUOKA Masahiko.
619: Started in 2012, port available since August 1, 2016.
1.1 schwarze 620: </ul>
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