/* * History * * $OpenBSD: calendar.history,v 1.82 2020/04/19 21:08:39 jmc Exp $ */ #ifndef _calendar_history_ #define _calendar_history_ 01/01 Anniversary of the Triumph of the Revolution in Cuba 01/01 Castro expels Cuban President Batista, 1959 01/01 Churchill delivers his "Iron Curtain" speech, 1947 01/02 Canada and the United States agree on a plan to preserve Niagara Falls, 1929 01/03 Benito Mussolini announces he is taking dictatorial powers over Italy, 1925 01/03 Margaret Thatcher becomes the longest-serving British Prime Minister in the 20th Century, 1988 01/04 Burma becomes independent from United Kingdom, 1948 01/05 Twelfth night 01/06 Maria Montessori opens her first school in Rome, 1907 01/07 First transatlantic telephone call, 1927 01/08 Monaco gains its independence, 1297 01/09 Plough Monday 01/10 First meeting of United Nations General Assembly in London, 1946 01/10 Thomas Paine's Common Sense published, 1776 01/11 Anniversary of the Peoples Republic of Albania 01/11 De Hostos' Birthday in Puerto Rico 01/11 Prithvi Jayanti in Nepal 01/12 Batman the TV series debuts on ABC, 1966 01/13 Mickey Mouse comic strip makes its first appearance, 1930 01/14 Julian Calendar New Year's Day 01/15 Angola becomes an independent state, 1975 01/16 The Medici family are made official bankers of the Papacy, 1412 01/17 Captain James Cook becomes the first explorer to cross the Antarctic Circle, 1773 01/18 The X-ray machine is exhibited for the first time, 1896 01/19 The last Volkswagen Beetle made in Germany leaves VW's plant, 1978 01/20 St. Agnes Eve (Ah, bitter chill it was...) 01/21 First commercial flight with a Concorde, 1976 01/22 British colonists reach New Zealand, 1840 01/23 The Royal Exchange opens in London, 1571 01/23 The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands, 1579 01/24 Robert Baden-Powell begins the Boy Scout movement, 1908 01/25 The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act of 1791 and splits the old province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada, 1791 01/26 Sydney Aust. settled, 1788 01/27 Vietnam War cease-fire signed, 1973 01/28 The first locomotive runs from the Atlantic to the Pacific on the Panama Railway, 1855 01/29 Liliuokalani is proclaimed Queen of Hawaii, the last monarch of Hawaii, 1891 01/30 Mohandas Gandhi assassinated in New Delhi by Hindu fanatic, 1948 01/31 Irving Langmuir invented tungsten filament lamp, 1881 01/31 Dmitry Mendeleev established optimal alcohol-water mixture ratio in his PhD work on alcohol-water mixtures, 1865 02/01 Forces led by Khomeini take over Iran, 1979 02/02 Adolf Hitler dissolves the German Parliament, 1933 02/03 The first commercial cheese factory is founded in Switzerland, 1815 02/04 Cybernet inaugurated, 1969 02/04 Patricia Hearst kidnaped by Symbionese Liberation Army, 1974 02/05 Gamel Abdel Nasser is nominated to be the first president of the United Arab Republic, 1958 02/06 Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, founding document of New Zealand, 1840 02/07 The British Labour Party is formed, 1900 02/08 1963 Revolution Anniversary in Iraq 02/09 Gregory XV becomes Pope, the last Pope elected by acclamation, 1621 02/10 New Delhi becomes the capital of India, 1931 02/11 Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union, 1814 02/12 China adopts the Gregorian calendar, 1912 02/13 France tests its first atomic bomb in Algeria, 1960 02/14 Bombing of Dresden, 1945 02/15 Chicago Seven convicted, 1970 02/16 Nylon patented, 1937 02/17 The first ship passes through the Suez Canal, 1867 02/18 Joseph Goebbels delivers the Sportpalast speech, 1943 02/19 Serfdom is abolished in Russia, 1861 02/20 FBI agent Robert Hanssen is arrested and charged with spying for Russia for 15 years, 2001 02/21 Battle of Verdun begins, 1916 1M casualties 02/22 Start of the Czechoslovak Revolution, 1948 02/23 Lt. Calley confesses, implicates Cpt. Medina, 1971 02/24 Impeachment proceedings against Andrew Johnson begin, 1868 02/25 The Democratic Republic of Georgia occupied by Bolshevist Russia, 1921 02/26 Final radio broadcast of Dragnet, 1957 02/27 The Lionheart crowned, 1189 02/28 The "French Connection" drug bust occurs in Marseilles, 1972 03/01 The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded, 1565 03/02 Ho Chi Minh is elected the President of North Vietnam, 1946 03/03 Bulgaria regains its independence from Ottoman Empire, 1878 03/04 Emile Berliner invents the microphone, 1877 03/05 Samuel Colt makes the first production-model revolver, 1836 03/06 The aspirin is registered as a trademark of Bayer, 1899 03/07 Mass protest outside the National Assembly of Kuwait building for women's voting rights in Kuwait, 2005 03/08 The first case of Spanish flu occurs, killing 50 million to 100 million people worldwide, 1918 03/09 The Barbie doll debuts, 1959 03/10 Republic of Cote d'Ivoire becomes a colony of France, 1893 03/11 Ceasefire declared in the war between Iran and Irak, 1988 03/12 The first bottles of Coca Cola were sold, 1894 03/13 "Striptease" introduced, Paris, 1894 03/14 The kingdom of Cyprus is sold by the ruling Queen to Venice, 1489 03/15 France assumes protectorate over Vietnam, 1874 03/15 Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by several senators, 44 BC 03/16 Largest coordinated worldwide vigil against the Iraq War, 2003 03/17 Invention of the rubber band, 1845 03/17 Ukrainian Nationalist Republic declared, 1917 03/18 In the Pyramid of Cheops a 4.400 year old mummy is found, 1989 03/19 Swallows return to Capistrano 03/20 Radio Caroline, the original British pirate radio station, sinks, 1980 03/21 Henry V becomes the king of England, 1413 03/22 First motion picture displayed by Auguste and Louis Lumière, 1895 03/22 World Day for Water 03/23 The first Islamic republic in the world is Pakistan, 1956 03/24 Construction of New York subway system begins, 1900 03/25 The first Bed-In for Peace by John Lennon and Yoko Ono, 1969 03/26 The driving test is introduced, in the United Kingdom, 1934 03/27 Khrushchev becomes Premier of Soviet Union, 1958 03/28 Three Mile Island releases radioactive gas, 1979 03/29 The Republic of Ireland bans smoking in all work places, 2004 03/30 Pencil with eraser patented, 1858 03/31 The Eiffel Tower is inaugurated, 1889 04/01 People of superb intelligence, savoir-faire, etc. born this day. 04/02 Haile Selassie is proclaimed emperor of Ethiopia, 1930 04/03 First publication of the newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport, 1896 04/04 NATO established, 1949 04/05 Pocahontas marries English colonist John Rolfe in Virginia, 1614 04/06 Joseph Smith founds Mormon Church, 1830 04/07 Alewives run, Cape Cod 04/08 The Venus de Milo is found on the island of Melos, 1820 04/09 The first public exhibition of art opens in Paris, 1667 04/10 The Belfast Agreement is signed, on Good Friday, 1998 04/11 The Shogunate is abolished in Japan, 1868 04/12 Great Britain adopts the Union Jack as their national flag, 1606 04/13 Laotian New Year (3 days) in Laos 04/14 Titanic hits iceberg and sinks, 1912 04/15 Insulin first becomes generally available for use by diabetics, 1923 04/16 Syria becomes an independent Republic, 1946 04/17 Bay of Pigs invasion crushed by Castro forces, 1961 04/18 The League of Nations is dissolved after 27 years, 1946 04/19 Landing of the "33" in Uruguay 04/19 Warsaw Ghetto uprising, 1943 04/20 In Bulgaria, the April Uprising takes place, 1876 04/21 Rome is founded by Romulus and Remus, 753 BC 04/22 Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil, 1500 04/22 The first Earth Day is celebrated, 1970 04/23 Bavarian co-rulers Duke Wilhelm IV and Duke Ludwig X proclaimed the weighty and consequential Bavarian Beer Purity Law (later Reinheitsgebot), 1516 04/24 The Greek enter Troy with the Trojan Horse, 1184 BC 04/25 Integrated circuit patented by Robert Noyce, 1961 04/26 William Shakespeare baptized in Stratford-on-Avon, England, 1564, birthdate less certain 04/27 Magellan killed in Philippines, 1521 04/28 President of France, Charles de Gaulle resigns, 1969 04/29 Zipper patented by Gideon Sindback, 1913 04/30 Adolf Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide, 1945 05/01 Beltaine; Feast of the god Bel, sun god 05/01 Adam Weishaupt founded the Illuminati of Bavaria, 1776 05/02 The first modern sighting of the Loch Ness monster is reported, 1933 05/03 Jamaica is spotted by Christopher Columbus, 1494 05/04 Christopher Columbus sets foot on Jamaica, 1494 05/05 Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire, 1260 05/06 Hindenburg explodes and burns upon landing at Lakehurst, NJ, 1937 05/07 Germany surrenders after World War II, 1945 05/08 Herbert Akroyd Stuart patented the first "diesel" engine, 1890 05/09 The first parliament of Australia opens in Melbourne, 1901 05/10 Germany invades Low Countries, 1940 05/10 Nazi bookburning, 1933 05/11 Thailand is no longer known as Siam, 1949 05/12 Tunisia becomes a French protectorate, 1881 05/13 Dutch statesman Johan van Oldenbarnevelt is executed in The Hague after having been accused of treason, 1619 05/14 Beginning of Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804 05/14 Nation of Israel proclaimed, 1948 05/15 The civil war in Finland ends, 1918 05/16 Root beer invented by Charles Elmer Hires, 1866 05/17 24" rain in 11 hours, Pearl River, S. China, 1982 05/18 Battle of Las Piedras in Uruguay 05/18 Napoleon crowned Emperor, 1804 05/19 The Legion d'Honneur is founded by Napoleon Bonaparte, 1802 05/20 The first modern atlas issued by Abraham Ortelius, 1570 05/21 Battle of Iquique in Chile 05/22 The transporting of British convicts to the New South Wales colony, is abolished, 1840 05/23 Israeli raid into Argentina to capture Adolf Eichmann, 1960 05/24 Battle of Pinchincha in Ecuador 05/25 Successful test of the limelight in Purfleet, England, 1830 05/26 John Calvin and his followers are expelled from Geneva, 1538 05/27 The pop-up toaster patented by Charles Strite, 1919 05/28 Alan Turing submits On Computable Numbers for publication, 1936 05/29 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norkay climb Mt. Everest, 1953 05/29 First food stamps issued, 1961 05/30 Beginning of the civil war over Biafra, 1967 05/31 Yom Kippur War comes to an end by the signing of a disengagement agreement by Syria and Israel, 1974 06/01 In a referendum the Dutch reject the European Constitution, 2005 06/02 Denmark rejects the Maastricht Treaty in a close-call referendum, 1992 06/03 Last Star Trek episode first aired ("Turnabout Intruder"), 1969 06/03 Edward White becomes the first American to perform a "Space Walk", 1965 06/04 Roquefort cheese developed, 1070 06/05 Titus and his Roman legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem, 70 06/06 First drive-in movie, 1933 06/06 Normandy landing, 1944 06/07 The first act of civil disobedience by Gandhi, 1893 06/08 The Canadian Parliament meets for the first time in Ottawa, 1866 06/09 The Roman Emperor Nero commits suicide, 68 06/11 Death of Alexander the Great, 323 BC 06/11 Greeks seize Troy, 1184 BC 06/12 Nelson Mandela is sentenced to life in prison, 1964 06/13 Much of Vancouver, British Columbia, is devastated by a fire, 1886 06/14 Sandpaper invented by I. Fischer, Jr., 1834 06/15 Magna Carta signed, 1215 06/15 Series of photographs by Edward Muggeridge prove to Leland Stanford that all the hooves of a horse are off the ground during the gallop, 1878 06/16 Henry Ford launched the Ford Motor Company, 1903 06/17 China explodes its first Hydrogen bomb, 1967 06/18 Winston Churchill delivers his "Finest Hour" speech, 1940 06/19 Lizzie Borden acquitted, 1893 06/19 Julius and Ethel Rosenberg are executed in Sing-Sing prison, 1953 06/20 Victoria crowned, 1837 06/21 Berlin airlift begins, 1948 06/21 Sun rises over Heelstone at Stonehenge 06/22 The June Days Uprising in Paris begins, 1848 06/23 Slavery abolished in England, 1772 06/23 Harriet, Darwin's turtle died at the age of 176 years, 2006 06/24 The capital of Jamaica, Kingston, is founded, 1664 06/25 Custer's Last Stand at Little Big Horn, 1876 06/25 North Korea invades South Korea, 1950 06/26 Toothbrush invented, 1498 06/26 St. Lawrence Seaway dedicated by Eisenhower & Queen Elizabeth II, 1959 06/27 The world's first ATM is installed in Enfield, London, 1967 06/28 Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria assassinated in Sarajevo, marking the beginning of World War I, 1914 06/28 World War I ended with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, 1919 06/29 The Seychelles gains independence from the United Kingdom, 1976 06/30 Albert Einstein published his theory of special relativity, 1905 06/30 "That" explosion in Siberia at 7:17 local time, 1908 06/30 China and Soviet Union announce split over ideology, 1960 07/01 Warsaw Pact officially dissolved, 1991 07/01 The first day on the Somme marked the beginning of the Battle of the Somme, 1916 07/01 Hong Kong becomes a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, 1997 07/02 Vermont abolishes slavery, as the first state, 1777 07/03 Dog days begin 07/04 Thoreau enters woods, 1845 07/05 Bikini demonstrated for the first time, 1946 07/06 Lawrence of Arabia captures Aqaba, 1917 07/07 First radio broadcast of "Dragnet", 1949 07/08 A UFO is believed to have crashed near Roswell, New Mexico, 1947 07/09 The African Union gets established, 2002 07/10 Most of London gets burned down in a severe fire, 1212 07/11 Mongolia gains independence from China, 1921 07/12 Minimum wages established: 40 cents/hour, 1933 07/13 Women first compete in Olympic games, 1908 07/14 Storming of the Bastille by the citizens of Paris, 1789 07/15 First item sold via Amazon.com, 1995 07/16 End of the civil war in Rwanda, 1994 07/17 Disneyland opens, 1955 07/18 "Mein Kampf" is published, 1925 07/19 France declares war on Prussia, marking the beginning of the Franco-Prussian war, 1870 07/20 Ford Motor Company ships their car, 1903 07/21 Vietnam divided at 17th parallel, 1954 07/22 Wiley Post becomes the first person to fly around the world, 1933 07/23 Ice cream cone introduced, St. Louis MO, 1904 07/24 Scopes Monkey Trial, 1925 07/25 First test-tube baby born, 1978 07/26 Potsdam Declaration signed, 1945 07/27 The last Citroen 2CV made, 1990 07/28 Potato introduced in Europe by Sir Thomas Harriot, 1586 07/29 Inauguration of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, 1836 07/30 Elvis Presley performs for the first time in public, 1954 07/31 First U.S. patent issued, 1790 08/01 Lughnasa; Feast of the god Lugh, a 30 day Celtic feast centers on this day 08/02 Hitler becomes the Fuehrer of Germany, 1934 08/03 Columbus sets sail for Cathay, 1492 08/03 USS Nautilus crosses under north polar ice cap, 1958 08/04 Axe murder of Andrew and Abbey Borden, 1892 08/04 Bombing of N. Vietnam begins, 1964 08/04 Britain declares war on Germany starting World War I, 1914 08/05 Nelson Mandela is jailed, 1962 08/06 Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, 1945 08/06 Caricom in Barbados 08/07 Jack the Ripper makes his first kill, 1888 08/08 Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki, 1945 08/08 Montenegro declares war on Germany, 1914 08/09 Persia defeats Spartan King Leonidas at Thermopylae, 480 BC 08/10 Major terrorist plot to destroy aircraft disrupted by Scotland Yard, 2006 08/11 Dog days end 08/11 France Ends War in Indochina, 1954 08/12 Cleopatra commits suicide, 30 BC 08/13 Berlin wall erected, 1961 08/13 Li'l Abner debut, 1934 08/14 France introduces motor vehicle registration, 1893 08/15 Gandhi's movement obtains independence for Pakistan and India, 1947 08/16 Roller Coaster patented, 1898 08/17 Indonesian Declaration of Independence, 1945 08/18 Power blackout on Java, Indonesia, affects almost 100 million people, 2005 08/19 Gail Borden patents condensed milk, 1856 08/20 First commercial radio station airs in Detroit, Michigan, 1920 08/21 Louvre employee steals the "Mona Lisa", 1911 08/22 Death of King Richard III, 1485, Last of the Plantagenets 08/22 Joe Walker sets X-15 all time altitude mark (67 miles), 1963 08/22 St. Columbia reports seeing monster in Loch Ness, 565 08/23 Sacco and Vanzetti executed, 1927 08/24 -126.9 F at Vostok, Antarctica, 1960 08/25 General de Gaulle leads French forces into Paris, 1944 08/26 Women get the vote, 1920 08/27 "Tarzan of the Apes" published, 1912 08/27 Krakatoa, Java explodes with a force of 1,300 megatons, 1883 08/28 Henry Hudson discovers Delaware Bay, 1609 08/29 Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic induction, 1831 08/30 75 cents a pound tariff set on opium, 1842 08/30 Japan Stationery Co. sells first felt-tipped pen, 1960 08/30 St. Rose of Lima in Peru 08/30 Washington-to-Moscow hot line connected, 1963 08/31 269 people killed after Korean Airlines 747 shot down by USSR, 1983 08/31 Mary Anne Nichols becomes Jack the Ripper's first victim, 1888 08/31 Non-aggression pact signed by USSR and Afghanistan, 1926 08/31 Independent union "Solidarnosc" born, Gdansk, 1980 09/01 Bobby Fischer defeats Boris Spassky in World Chess Match, 1972 09/02 Great Britain adopts Gregorian Calendar, 1752 09/02 Japan signs unconditional surrender on US battleship 'Missouri', 1945 09/03 Anniversary of the Founding of the Republic in San Marino 09/04 Napoleon III is deposed and the Third Republic is declared, 1870 09/05 St. Gotthard Tunnel opens in Switzerland, 1980 09/06 149 Pilgrims set forth from England aboard the Mayflower, 1620 09/06 Somhlolo in Swaziland 09/07 Brazil declares its independence from Portugal, 1822 09/08 Jack the Ripper kills again, Annie Chapman is second victim, 1888 09/09 John Herschel takes the first glass plate photograph, 1839 09/10 Mountain Meadows Massacre. Mormons kill Gentile wagon train, 1857 09/11 World Wide Fund (WWF) founded, 1961 09/12 German paratroopers rescue Mussolini from captivity in Rome, 1943 09/12 Germany annexes Sudetenland, 1938 09/13 136.4 F at el Azizia, Libya, 1922 09/13 British defeat the French at Plains of Abraham near Quebec City, 1759 09/13 Building of Hadrian's Wall begun, 122 09/13 Chiang Kai-Shek becomes president of China, 1943 09/14 The Selective Service Act establishes the first US peacetime draft, 1940 09/15 The Nazis adopt a new national flag with the swastika, 1935 09/16 General Motors is founded, 1908 09/17 Joshua A. Norton proclaims himself 'Emperor Norton I', 1859 09/17 Battle of Antietam, 1862 09/18 Victory of Uprona in Burundi 09/19 Walt Disney releases Steamboat Willie, 1928 09/20 Magellan leaves Spain on the first Round the World passage, 1519 09/21 J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit is published, 1937 09/22 Allied forces form the independent nation West Germany, 1953 09/22 The first Soviet atomic bomb explodes, 1949 09/23 Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos declares martial law, 1972 09/24 The Netherlands surrenders New Amsterdam to England, 1664 09/25 Battle of Stamford Bridge marks the end of the Viking era, 1066 09/26 Concorde makes its first non-stop crossing of the Atlantic, 1973 09/27 The first passenger was hauled in a locomotive in England, 1825 09/28 "Pilgrim's Progress" published, 1678 09/28 A Greek soldier runs 26+ miles after the Persian defeat at Marathon, 490 BC 09/30 Red Jack kills 2, Elizabeth Stride (#3) and Catherine Eddowes (#4), 1888 09/30 The first tooth is extracted under anesthesia in Charleston, Mass, 1846 09/30 The verdicts of the Nuremberg trials are announced, 1946 10/01 Austria issues the world's first postcards, 1869 10/02 Jacques Cartier discovers Montreal, Quebec, 1535 10/03 O. J. Simpson is found not guilty of murder, 1995 10/04 Crimean war begins, 1853 10/05 Portugal declares itself a republic, 1910 10/06 Antioch College is the first public school to admit men and women, 1853 10/06 Egyptian President Anwar Sadat is assassinated in Cairo, 1981 10/06 Israel is attacked by the alliance of Egypt and Syria, 1973 10/07 Foundation of the GDR in 1949 in German Democratic Republic 10/07 Mother Teresa of Calcutta awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, 1979 10/07 Police stop Wilbur Mills car, Fanne Fox jumps into water, 1974 10/08 San Marino adopts its written constitution, 1600 10/09 First two-way telephone conversation, 1876 10/10 Beginning of the Wars for Independence in Cuba 10/10 Foundation of the Workers Party in North Korea 10/11 The Gang of Four are arrested in Peking, 1976 10/11 The second Vatican Ecumenical Council opens in Rome, 1962 10/12 Bahama Natives discover Columbus of Europe lost on their shores, 1492 10/12 Bavarian Crown Prince Ludwig married Princess Therese of Saxony-Hildburghausen, Oktoberfest, 1810 10/12 Khrushchev pounds his desk with shoe during a speech to the UN, 1960 10/12 Man O'War's last race, 1920 10/13 Italy declares war on Germany, 1943 10/14 Battle of Hastings won by William the Conqueror and the Normans, 1066 10/15 Edison Electric Light Company begins operation, 1878 10/16 The Walt Disney Company is founded by Walt Disney and his brother, Roy Disney, 1923 10/17 Al Capone convicted of income tax evasion, 1931 10/18 The Grand Ole Opry opens its doors, 1925 10/19 Mao Tse-tung establishes the People's Republic of China, 1949 10/19 Napoleon's beaten army begins the long retreat from Moscow, 1812 10/20 "Saturday Night Massacre", 1973 10/20 OPEC embargo, 1973 10/21 Edison makes the first practical incandescent lamp, 1879 10/21 Guggenheim Museum opens, 1959 10/22 Laos gains independence from France, 1953 10/23 Battle of Leyte Gulf begins, 1944 10/23 Swallows leave Capistrano 10/23 South African troops invade Angola in support of UNITA and FNLA, 1975 10/24 Founding of the United Nations, 1945 10/25 The UN removes Taiwan and admits the People's Republic of China, 1971 10/26 UN's World Health Organization declares smallpox eradicated, 1978 10/27 Stock markets around the world crash because of fears of a global economic meltdown, 1997 10/28 Columbus discovers Cuba, 1492 10/28 Constantine's army defeats forces of Maxentius at Mulvian Bridge, 312 10/29 Leibniz makes the first use of the "long s" for integral, 1675 10/30 Communist Party of Australia founded in Sydney, 1920 10/31 Luther nails 95 Theses to door of Castle Church, Wittenberg, 1517 10/31 First hydrogen bomb blasts Enewetak, 1952 11/01 Austria-Hungary become two separate nations, 1918 11/01 Puerto Rican nationalists try to kill Truman at the Blair House, 1950 11/02 Luftwaffe completes 57 consecutive nights of bombing of London, 1940 11/02 Two Frenchmen make the first free hot air balloon flight, 1783 11/03 Linus Pauling wins Nobel Chemistry Prize, 1954 11/04 Soviet forces crush the anti-communist revolt in Hungary, 1956 11/05 Guy Fawkes' Plot, 1605 11/06 Anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution (2 days) in U.S.S.R. 11/07 Abolitionist newspaperman Elijah P. Lovejoy murdered by mob, 1837 11/07 Lewis and Clark Expedition in sight of the Pacific Ocean, 1805 11/08 Invasion of Sweden by Danish forces results in the Stockholm Bloodbath, 1520 11/09 Giant panda discovered (?!), China, 1927 11/09 Jack the Ripper kills fifth and final victim, Jane Kelly, 1888 11/10 Henry Stanley asks David Livingstone, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?", 1871 11/11 First broadcast of Sesame Street, 1970 11/12 Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Birthday in Taiwan 11/13 St. Brice's Day massacre by order of Ethelred, king of England, 1002 11/14 Czechoslovakia becomes a republic, 1918 11/15 First assembly of the League of Nations is held in Geneva, 1920 11/16 Opening of the Suez Canal, 1869 11/16 Albert Hofmann synthesizes LSD in Switzerland, 1938 11/17 Elizabeth I of England succeeds Queen Mary I of England, 1558 11/19 Samuel Goldwyn and Edgar Selwyn establish Goldwyn Company, 1916 11/20 Nuremberg Trials against 24 Nazi war criminals begin, 1945 11/21 Birmingham Pub Bombings by the IRA kill 21 people, 1974 11/22 John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas, 1963 11/23 The first edition of Life is published. 1936 11/24 Alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald is killed by Jack Ruby in Dallas, Texas, 1963 11/25 Alfred Nobel invents dynamite, 1867 11/26 Last flight ever with a Concorde made over Bristol, UK, 2003 11/27 Alfred Nobel establishes Nobel Prize, 1895 11/27 Friction match invented by englishman John Walker, Sweden, 1826 11/28 Albania declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire, 1912 11/29 King Tut's tomb opened, 1922 12/01 Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, 1913 12/02 Napoleon III becomes Emperor of the French, 1852 12/03 First neon light display, Paris, 1910 12/03 First successful human heart transplant led by Dr. Barnard, 1967 12/03 The Montreux Casino burns down during a Frank Zappa concert, 1971 12/04 People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution, 1982 12/05 Phi Beta Kappa founded, 1776 12/06 London becomes the world's first city with motorised cabs, 1897 12/07 Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, 1941 12/08 Romanian Constitution is adopted in a referendum, 1991 12/09 Ball-bearing roller skates patented, 1884 12/10 Metric system established in France, 1799 12/10 Nobel Peace Prize awarded each year 12/11 The British Parliament enacts the Statute of Westminster, 1931 12/12 First wireless message sent across Atlantic by Marconi, 1901 12/13 Dartmouth College chartered, 1769 12/14 Portugal joins the United Nations, 1955 12/15 Argo Merchant oil spill, 1976 12/15 James Naismith invents basketball, Canada, 1891 12/16 Pokemon episode (Electric Soldier Porygon) triggers attacks of photosensitive epilepsy in hundreds of Japanese children, 1997 12/17 Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol is first published, 1843 12/18 Indonesia invades Netherlands New Guinea, 1961 12/19 Hitler becomes Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the German Army, 1941 12/20 Cheka founded, 1917 12/21 Charles de Gaulle is elected President of France, 1958 12/22 First freight train is operated in Roorkee in India, 1851 12/23 The transistor is first demonstrated at Bell Laboratories, 1947 12/24 Hong Kong falls to the Japanese Imperial Army, 1941 12/25 Christian holiday Christmas Day celebrated 12/25 Christmas Island founded and named by Captain William Mynors, 1643 12/26 DPMA founded, 1951 12/27 Ether first used as anesthetic in childbirth, 1845 12/28 Spain recognizes independence of Mexico, 1836 12/29 Battle of Wounded knee, 1890 12/29 Edison receives patent for Radio, 1891 12/30 Soviet Ukrainian Republic declared, 1917 12/30 Israel and the Vatican establish diplomatic relations, 1993 12/31 St. Sylvester in Switzerland 12/31 Windows tax in England, 1695 12/31 First supersonic commercial flight by Tu-144, 1968 #endif /* !_calendar_history_ */