.\"	$OpenBSD: cvs.1,v 1.33 2005/01/27 16:37:23 xsa Exp $
.\"
.\" Copyright (c) 2004 Jean-Francois Brousseau <jfb@openbsd.org>
.\" All rights reserved.
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.Dd May 16, 2004
.Dt CVS 1
.Os
.Sh NAME
.Nm cvs
.Nd OpenCVS Concurrent Versioning System client
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm
.Op Fl flQqtv
.Op Fl d Ar root
.Op Fl e Ar editor
.Xo
.Oo Fl s
.Ar var Ns = Ns Ar val Oc
.Xc
.Op Fl z Ar level
.Ar command Op Ar ...
.Sh DESCRIPTION
The
.Nm
program acts as both client and server for the use of and administration of
a CVS source repository.
CVS is used to maintain version information on files that are kept in a
repository.
Although it is more commonly used to track changes in source code, there
are no real limitations to the type of files that you can store in a
repository.
.Pp
Unless the
.Fl f
option is specified,
.Nm
reads its startup configuration file
.Pa .cvsrc
from the home directory of the user who invoked it.
This file is used to specify implicit options passed to
.Nm
or one of its commands whenever it is invoked.
See
.Xr cvsrc 5
for further information.
.Pp
The following options are supported:
.Bl -tag -width "-e editorXX"
.It Fl d Ar root
Use
.Ar root
as the path to the root directory of the CVS repository.
The value must specify an absolute path.
.It Fl e Ar editor
Use the program
.Ar editor
whenever editing log information.
This option overrides the environment variables CVSEDITOR, VISUAL, and EDITOR.
.It Fl f
Do not read the user's configuration file on startup.
.It Fl l
Suppress logging of history information.
.It Fl Q
Be extra quiet.
Only error messages will be displayed.
.It Fl q
Be quiet about reporting.
.It Fl s Ar var Ns = Ns Ar val
Set the value of the internal variable
.Ar var
to the string
.Ar val .
.It Fl t
Trace program execution.
.It Fl v
Display version information and exit.
.It Fl z Ar level
Specify the compression level to
.Xr gzip 1
when transferring files.
The compression level ranges from 1 to 9,
with 1 being the fastest,
and 9 providing the best level of compression.
The default is 6.
.El
.Sh COMMANDS
The following commands are supported by
.Nm .
.Bl -tag -width "xxxxxxxxxxxx"
.It Xo Ic add Op Fl m Ar msg
.Ar file Op ...
.Xc
.Pp
Before a file is known to CVS, it must be added to the repository using
this command.
Adding a file does not actually publish the contents of the
file, so you must
.Ic commit
the first revision in order to let other users see the file with the
.Ic update
or
.Ic checkout
commands.
.Pp
Although adding a file does not involve a log message, it is possible to
specify one to include with the action, using the
.Fl m
option.
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic ad ,
.Ic new .
.It Ic admin
Administration front-end for
.Xr rcs 1 .
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic adm ,
.Ic rcs .
.It Xo Ic annotate
.Op Fl flR
.Oo Fl D Ar date \*(Ba
.Fl r Ar rev Oc
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
.Pp
For each line of any files specified, show information about its
last revision.
The information given is the last revision when a modification occurred,
the author's name, and the date of the revision.
.Pp
The
.Fl f
flag is used to force the use of the head revision if the specified
tag or date is not found.
This can be used in combination with
.Fl D
or
.Fl r
to ensure that there is some output from the
.Ic annotate
command, even if only to show Revision 1.1 of the file.
The
.Fl l
flag is used to limit the scope of the search to the local directory
only and to disable recursive behaviour, which can be requested with the
.Fl R
flag.
The
.Fl D
flag shows the annotations as of the latest revision no later than
.Ar date .
The
.Fl r
flag shows annotations as of revision
.Ar rev
(can be a revision number or a tag).
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic ann .
.It Xo Ic checkout
.Op Fl c
.Op Ar module ...
.Xc
.Pp
The
.Ic checkout
command is used to create a local copy of one or more modules present on the
target CVS repository.
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic co ,
.Ic get .
.It Xo Ic commit
.Op Fl flnR
.Oo Fl F Ar logfile \*(Ba
.Fl m Ar msg Oc
.Op Fl r Ar rev
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
.Pp
The
.Ic commit
command is used to send local changes back to the server and update the
repository's information to reflect the changes.
.Pp
The
.Fl l
flag is used to limit the scope of the search to the local directory only.
Sometimes one might want to force a file to be committed, even though
it is unchanged: this can be done using the
.Fl f
flag, which also has the effect of disabling recursive behaviour,
which can be requested with the
.Fl R
flag.
When using the
.Fl n
flag, programs listed in the CVSROOT/modules file do not get executed.
The
.Fl m
flag can be used to specify a log message on the command line which
suppresses the editor invocation, or use the
.Fl F
flag to specify a
.Ar file
as argument which contains the log message.
The
.Fl r
flag can be used to commit to a particular symbolic or numerical revision.
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic ci ,
.Ic com .
.It Xo Ic diff Op Fl cilNpu
.Op Fl D Ar date
.Op Fl r Ar rev
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
.Pp
The
.Ic diff
command is very similar to the
.Xr diff 1
program, except that the differential comparisons that it generates are
between local or remote revisions of files stored in the CVS repository.
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic di ,
.Ic dif .
.It Xo Ic edit Op Fl lR
.Op Fl a Ar action
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
.Pp
The
.Ic edit
command is used to make a file that is being watched (read-only)
readable and writable and to inform others that you are planning to edit it.
Notifications terminate when the
.Ic commit
command is issued.
Editing rights on the file can be given up using the
.Ic unedit
command.
This command terminates the temporary notifications.
.Pp
The
.Fl l
flag is used to limit the scope of the search to the local directory
only and to disable recursive behaviour, which can be requested with the
.Fl R
flag.
The
.Fl a
flag specifies the temporary notification wanted:
.Bl -tag -width "commitXX"
.It Cm commit
Another user has committed changes to the
.Ar file .
.It Cm edit
Another user has issued the
.Ic edit
command on the
.Ar file .
.It Cm unedit
Another user has issued the
.Ic unedit
command on the
.Ar file .
.It Cm all
All of the above.
.It Cm none
None of the above.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fl a
flag may appear more than once, or not at all.
If omitted, the action defaults to
.Cm all .
.It Xo Ic editors
.Op Fl lR
.Ar file ...
.Xc
.Pp
The
.Ic editors
command lists the users with edition rights on a file.
For that, pseudo-lock mode must be enabled (see the
.Ic watch
command).
The e-mail address of the user editing the file, the timestamp
when the edition first started, the host from where the edition
has been requested and the path to the edited file are listed.
.Pp
The
.Fl l
flag is used to limit the scope of the search to the local directory
only and to disable recursive behaviour, which can be requested with the
.Fl R
flag.
.It Ic export
Export sources from CVS;
similar to
.Ic checkout .
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic ex ,
.Ic exp .
.It Ic history
Show repository access history.
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic hi ,
.Ic his .
.It Xo Ic import
.Op Fl b Ar branch
.Op Fl m Ar msg
.Ar repository
.Ar vendortag
.Ar releasetag
.Xc
.Pp
Import sources into CVS using vendor branches.
.Pp
The
.Fl b
flag specifies the first-level branch number.
The
.Fl m
flag specifies the log message to send.
.Pp
At least three arguments are required:
.Ar repository
specifies the location of the sources to be imported;
.Ar vendortag
is a tag for the entire branch;
.Ar releasetag
is used to identify the files you created with
.Nm
.Ic import .
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic im ,
.Ic imp .
.It Ic init
Create a CVS repository if it doesn't exist.
.It Ic kserver
Start a Kerberos authentication server.
.It Ic log
Print out history information for files.
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic lo .
.It Ic login
Prompt for password for authenticating server.
.It Ic logout
Remove entry in .cvspass for remote repository.
.It Ic rdiff
Create
.Xr patch 1
format diffs between releases.
.It Ic release
Indicate that a module is no longer in use.
.It Xo Ic remove
.Op Fl flR
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
The
.Ic remove
command is used to inform
.Nm
that
.Ar file
is scheduled to be removed from the repository.
Files are not actually removed from the repository until the
.Ic commit
command has been run subsequently.
.Pp
The
.Fl f
flag locally removes the file.
If this flag is not used, the file must be locally removed beforehand for
the command to be valid.
The
.Fl l
flag is used to limit the scope of the search to the local directory
only and to disable recursive behaviour, which can be requested with the
.Fl R
flag.
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic rm ,
.Ic delete .
.It Ic rlog
Print out history information for a module.
.It Ic rtag
Add a symbolic link to a module.
.It Ic server
Server mode.
.It Xo Ic status
.Op Fl lRv
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
The
.Ic status
command is used to display the state of checked out files.
.Pp
The
.Fl l
flag is used to limit the scope of the search to the local directory
only and to disable recursive behaviour, which can be requested with the
.Fl R
flag.
The
.Fl v
flag causes the symbolic tags for the file to be displayed.
.Pp
The following are the different possible states:
.Bl -tag -width "Unresolved ConflictXX"
.It Cm Locally Added
The file has been added with the
.Ic add
command, but has not been committed to the repository with the
.Ic commit
command.
.It Cm Locally Modified
The file is up to date, but has been locally modified since then.
.It Cm Locally Removed
The file has been removed with the
.Ic remove
command, but has not been committed to the repository with the
.Ic commit
command.
.It Cm Needs Checkout
The file has not been modified; a new version is available.
.It Cm Needs Merge
The file has been modified and a newer version is available.
A merge is necessary.
.It Cm Needs Patch
Same as
.Ic Needs Checkout
but, in client-server mode, only the differences are sent to save
network resources.
.It Cm Unresolved Conflict
A merge has been done, but unresolved conflicts still remain.
.It Cm Up-to-date
The file is up to date.
.El
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic st ,
.Ic stat .
.It Xo Ic tag
.Op Fl bdl
.Op Fl r Ar old_tag
.Op Ar symbolic_tag
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
.Pp
Add a symbolic tag to a checked out version of
.Ar file .
.Pp
The
.Fl b
flag is used to specify a branch tag.
If the
.Fl d
flag is specified the tag will be deleted.
The
.Fl l
flag is used to specify a local change only and disables the recursive
behaviour.
If the
.Fl r
flag is used,
.Nm
will only tag the files with
.Ar symbolic_tag
if they are already tagged with
.Ar old_tag .
When done, it will remove the old tag
leaving only the new tag behind on exactly the same files.
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic ta ,
.Ic freeze .
.It Xo Ic unedit Op Fl lR
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
.Pp
The
.Ic unedit
command is used to give up an edition on a file and thus cancel
the wanted temporary notifications.
If the file has been modified since the
.Ic edit
command has been issued,
.Nm
will ask if you want to go back to the previous version, and lose the
modifications done on the file, or stay in edition mode on it.
.Pp
The
.Fl l
flag is used to limit the scope of the search to the local directory
only and to disable recursive behaviour, which can be requested with the
.Fl R
flag.
.It Xo Ic update
.Op Fl ACdP
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
.Pp
The
.Ic update
command is used to merge any of the changes that have occurred on the remote
repository into the local one where the command was run.
.Pp
The
.Fl A
flag resets any sticky tags, dates, or kopts that have been set on the tree.
The
.Fl l
flag is used to specify a local change only and disables the recursive
behaviour.
The
.Fl P
flag causes
.Nm
to prune any directories that have become empty as a result of the update.
.Pp
For each file updated, a single letter prefix is given to
specify the state of the file.
The possible prefixes are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width "XXX"
.It \&?
The file is unknown to
.Nm .
.It A
The file has been added with the
.Ic add
command, but has not been committed to the repository with the
.Ic commit
command.
.It C
A merge, with a more recent version of the file, has been done,
but unresolved conflicts still remain.
.It M
The file has been locally modified; if a more recent version
is available, the merge has been done without conflict.
.It P
The same as
.Sq U ,
but, in client-server mode, only differences are sent to save network
resources.
.It R
The file has been removed with the
.Ic remove
command, but has not been committed to the repository with the
.Ic commit
command.
.It U
The file is up to date.
.El
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic up ,
.Ic upd .
.It Ic version
Causes
.Nm
to print its version information.
If this command is issued within a local copy of a remote repository or
if either the
.Ev CVSROOT
environment variable or the
.Fl d
flag specify a remote repository,
.Nm
will also connect to the server and ask it to print its version information.
.Pp
Aliases:
.Ic ve ,
.Ic ver .
.It Xo Ic watch
.Ar on | off | add | remove
.Op Fl lR
.Op Fl a Ar action
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
.Pp
The
.Ic watch
command switches a file from normal mode to
pseudo-lock mode as well as handling the notifications associated
with it.
Pseudo-lock mode means knowing who is editing a file:
for that,
.Nm
extracts the file in read-only mode.
Users must use the
.Ic edit
command to get the editing rights on the file.
.Pp
One of the following arguments to the
.Ic watch
command is mandatory: on, off, add, or remove.
.Ar on
switches the file into pseudo-lock mode;
.Ar off
switches it back to normal mode;
.Ar add
adds notifications for specific actions on the file;
.Ar remove
removes those notifications.
.Pp
The notifications are permanent.
They remain in place until the
.Ic watch remove
command is issued while the temporary notifications are
made available with the
.Ic edit
command.
.Pp
The
.Fl l
flag is used to limit the scope of the search to the local directory
only and to disable recursive behaviour, which can be requested with the
.Fl R
flag.
The
.Fl a
flag specifies the permanent notification wanted for
.Ar add | remove :
.Pp
.Bl -tag -width "commitXX" -compact
.It Cm commit
Another user has committed changes to the
.Ar file .
.It Cm edit
Another user is editing the
.Ar file .
.It Cm unedit
Another user has finished editing the
.Ar file .
.It Cm all
All of the above.
.It Cm none
No notification.
.El
.Pp
If no speficiation is requested using the
.Ar add
or
.Ar remove
arguments, it implies the
.Fl a Ar all
option.
.It Xo Ic watchers
.Op Fl lR
.Op Ar file ...
.Xc
.Pp
The
.Ic watchers
command lists the users who asked for notifications as well as the
notifications details.
The possible notifications are as follows:
.Bl -tag -width "tcommitXX"
.It Cm commit
Permanent watch of a commit of a new version of a file.
.It Cm edit
Permanent watch of the start of file edition.
.It Cm tcommit
Temporary watch of a commit of new version of a file.
.It Cm tedit
Temporary watch of the start of file edition.
.It Cm tunedit
Temporary watch of the end of file edition.
.It Cm unedit
Permanent watch of the end of file edition.
.El
.Pp
The
.Fl l
flag is used to limit the scope of the search to the local directory
only and to disable recursive behaviour, which can be requested with the
.Fl R
flag.
.Pp
The temporary watches are set using the
.Ic edit
command, until the
.Ic commit
or
.Ic unedit
command is issued on the
.Ar file .
.El
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
.Bl -tag -width CVS_CLIENT_LOG
.It Ev CVS_CLIENT_LOG
This variable enables logging of all communications between the client and
server when running in non-local mode.
If set, this environment variable must contain a base path from which two
paths will be generated by appending ".in" to the value for the server's
input and ".out" for the server's output.
.It Ev CVS_RSH
Name of the program to use when connecting to the server through a remote
shell.
The default is to use the
.Xr ssh 1
program.
.It Ev CVS_SERVER
If set, gives the name of the program to invoke as a
.Nm
server when using remote shell.
The default is to use `cvs'.
.It Ev CVSEDITOR
Name of the editor to use when editing commit messages.
Checked before
.Ev EDITOR
and
.Ev VISUAL .
.It Ev CVSROOT
When set, this variable should contain the string pointing to the root
directory of the CVS repository.
The contents of this variable are ignored when the
.Fl d
option is given or if `Root' files exist in the checked-out copy.
.It Ev EDITOR
Name of the editor to use when editing commit messages.
This is traditionally a line-oriented editor,
such as
.Xr ex 1 .
.It Ev VISUAL
Name of the editor to use when editing commit messages.
This is traditionally a screen-oriented editor,
such as
.Xr vi 1 .
.El
.Sh FILES
.Bl -tag -width Ds
.It Pa $HOME/.cvsrc
File containing a list of implicit options to pass to certain commands.
This file is read on startup unless the
.Fl f
option is specified.
.It Pa $CVSROOT/CVSROOT
Directory containing repository administrative files.
.It Pa $CVSROOT/CVSROOT/loginfo
File containing associations between modules and handlers for
post-commit logging.
.El
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr diff 1 ,
.Xr gzip 1 ,
.Xr patch 1 ,
.Xr rcs 1 ,
.Xr cvsrc 5 ,
.Xr cvsd 8
.Sh HISTORY
The OpenCVS project is a BSD-licensed rewrite of the original
Concurrent Versioning System written by Jean-Francois Brousseau.
The original CVS code was written in large parts by Dick Grune,
Brian Berliner and Jeff Polk.
.Sh AUTHORS
.An Jean-Francois Brousseau
.An Vincent Labrecque
.An Joris Vink
.Sh CAVEATS
This CVS implementation does not fully conform to the GNU CVS version.
In some cases, this was done explicitly because GNU CVS has inconsistencies
or ambiguous behaviour.
Some things have also been left out or modified to enhance the overall
security of the system.
.Pp
Among other things, support for the pserver connection mechanism has been
dropped because of security issues with the authentication mechanism.